Nov yog txhua yam koj yuav tsum paub txog Laser Safety
Laser kev nyab xeeb nyob ntawm chav kawm ntawm lub laser koj ua haujlwm nrog.
Qhov siab dua cov chav kawm, qhov kev ceev faj ntau koj yuav tsum tau ua.
Nco ntsoov ua tib zoo mloog cov lus ceeb toom thiab siv cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tsim nyog thaum xav tau.
Kev nkag siab txog kev faib cov laser pab kom koj nyob nyab xeeb thaum ua haujlwm nrog lossis nyob ib puag ncig lasers.
Lasers tau muab faib ua ntau pawg raws li lawv cov qib kev nyab xeeb.
Ntawm no yog ib qho kev qhia ncaj nraim ntawm txhua chav kawm thiab koj yuav tsum paub dab tsi txog lawv.
Dab tsi yog Laser Classes: Piav
Nkag siab cov chav kawm Laser = nce kev paub txog kev nyab xeeb
Class 1 Lasers
Class 1 lasers yog hom kev nyab xeeb tshaj plaws.
Lawv tsis muaj teeb meem rau lub qhov muag thaum siv ib txwm siv, txawm tias saib rau lub sijhawm ntev lossis nrog cov cuab yeej kho qhov muag.
Cov lasers no feem ntau muaj hwj chim tsawg heev, feem ntau tsuas yog ob peb microwatts.
Qee qhov xwm txheej, cov lasers muaj zog dua (xws li Class 3 lossis Class 4) raug kaw kom lawv Chav Kawm 1.
Piv txwv li, cov tshuab luam ntawv laser siv cov lasers uas muaj zog, tab sis txij li thaum lawv nyob ze, lawv raug suav tias yog Class 1 lasers.
Koj tsis tas yuav txhawj txog kev nyab xeeb tshwj tsis yog tias cov cuab yeej puas lawm.
Class 1M Lasers
Class 1M lasers zoo ib yam li Class 1 lasers nyob rau hauv uas lawv feem ntau muaj kev nyab xeeb rau lub qhov muag nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob.
Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias koj nthuav dav lub nqaj siv cov cuab yeej kho qhov muag xws li lub koob yees duab, nws tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij.
Qhov no yog vim hais tias cov nqaj loj tuaj yeem tshaj qhov muaj kev nyab xeeb zog, txawm tias nws tsis muaj mob rau qhov muag liab qab.
Laser diodes, fiber optic kev sib txuas lus systems, thiab laser speed detectors poob rau hauv qeb 1M.
Class 2 Lasers
Class 2 lasers feem ntau muaj kev nyab xeeb vim yog lub ntuj ntsais reflex.
Yog tias koj saib ntawm kab teeb, koj ob lub qhov muag yuav cia li ntsais, txwv qhov raug tsawg dua 0.25 vib nas this - qhov no feem ntau txaus los tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj.
Cov lasers no tsuas yog ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo yog tias koj txhob txwm ntsia ntawm lub teeb.
Class 2 lasers yuav tsum emit pom lub teeb, txij li thaum lub blink reflex tsuas ua hauj lwm thaum koj pom lub teeb.
Cov lasers no feem ntau txwv rau 1 milliwatt (mW) ntawm lub zog txuas ntxiv, txawm hais tias qee qhov kev txwv yuav siab dua.
Class 2M Lasers
Class 2M lasers zoo ib yam li Class 2, tab sis muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb:
Yog tias koj saib cov nqaj los ntawm cov cuab yeej magnifying (xws li lub tsom iav), lub ntsej muag reflex yuav tsis tiv thaiv koj ob lub qhov muag.
Txawm tias luv luv raug rau ib lub teeb loj loj tuaj yeem ua rau raug mob.
Class 3R Lasers
Class 3R lasers, zoo li laser pointers thiab qee lub laser scanners, muaj zog dua li Class 2 tab sis tseem muaj kev nyab xeeb yog tias ua haujlwm raug.
Ncaj nraim saib lub nqaj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog los ntawm cov cuab yeej kho qhov muag, tuaj yeem ua rau qhov muag puas.
Txawm li cas los xij, qhov raug luv luv feem ntau tsis muaj teeb meem.
Class 3R lasers yuav tsum nqa cov ntawv ceeb toom meej, vim tias lawv tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo yog siv tsis raug.
Hauv cov txheej txheem qub, Chav Kawm 3R raug xa mus rau Class IIIa.
Class 3B Lasers
Class 3B lasers yog qhov txaus ntshai dua thiab yuav tsum tau ceev faj.
Kev cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau ntawm kab teeb lossis daim iav zoo li lub ntsej muag tuaj yeem ua rau qhov muag raug mob lossis tawv nqaij kub hnyiab.
Tsuas yog tawg, diffuse reflections muaj kev nyab xeeb.
Piv txwv li, nruam-wave Class 3B lasers yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj 0.5 watts rau wavelengths ntawm 315 nm thiab infrared, thaum pulsed lasers nyob rau hauv lub pom ntau yam (400-700 nm) yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj 30 millijoules.
Cov lasers no feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv kev lom zem teeb pom kev zoo.
Class 4 Lasers
Class 4 lasers yog qhov txaus ntshai tshaj plaws.
Cov lasers no muaj zog txaus ua rau mob qhov muag thiab tawv nqaij, thiab lawv tuaj yeem pib hluav taws.
Lawv tau siv hauv kev lag luam xws li laser txiav, vuam, thiab tu.
Yog tias koj nyob ze ntawm Class 4 laser tsis muaj kev ntsuas kev nyab xeeb, koj muaj kev pheej hmoo loj.
Txawm hais tias qhov kev xav tsis ncaj tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj, thiab cov khoom nyob ze tuaj yeem ntes hluav taws.
Ib txwm hnav cov iav tiv thaiv thiab ua raws li cov txheej txheem kev nyab xeeb.
Qee lub tshuab muaj zog, zoo li cov tshuab laser npav tshuab, yog Class 4 lasers, tab sis lawv tuaj yeem raug kaw kom ruaj ntseg kom txo tau qhov kev pheej hmoo.
Piv txwv li, Laserax cov cav tov siv cov lasers muaj zog, tab sis lawv tau tsim los ua kom tau raws li cov qauv kev nyab xeeb hauv chav kawm 1 thaum nyob hauv tag nrho.
Ntau Yam Muaj Teeb Meem Laser
Nkag siab txog Laser Hazards: Qhov muag, tawv nqaij, thiab hluav taws kub
Lasers tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij yog tias tsis ua haujlwm zoo, nrog rau peb hom kev phom sij: qhov muag raug mob, tawv nqaij kub hnyiab, thiab hluav taws kub.
Yog tias lub tshuab laser tsis raug cais raws li Chav Kawm 1 (qhov kev nyab xeeb tshaj plaws), cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv cheeb tsam yuav tsum hnav cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv ib txwm, xws li tsom iav tsom iav rau lawv lub qhov muag thiab tshwj xeeb rau lawv cov tawv nqaij.
Qhov muag raug mob: Qhov mob hnyav tshaj plaws
Qhov muag raug mob los ntawm lasers yog qhov kev txhawj xeeb tseem ceeb tshaj plaws vim tias lawv tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj mus tas li lossis qhov muag tsis pom.
Nov yog vim li cas cov kev raug mob no tshwm sim thiab yuav tiv thaiv lawv li cas.
Thaum lub teeb laser nkag mus rau hauv lub qhov muag, lub cornea thiab lens ua haujlwm ua ke kom pom nws mus rau retina (sab nraum qab ntawm lub qhov muag).
Lub teeb pom kev zoo no yog tom qab ua tiav los ntawm lub hlwb los tsim cov duab.
Txawm li cas los xij, cov qhov muag qhov muag - lub cornea, lo ntsiab muag, thiab retina - yog qhov yooj yim heev rau laser puas.
Txhua hom laser tuaj yeem ua mob rau lub qhov muag, tab sis qee qhov wavelengths ntawm lub teeb yog qhov txaus ntshai heev.
Piv txwv li, ntau lub laser engraving tshuab emit lub teeb nyob rau hauv ze-infrared (700-2000 nm) los yog far-infrared (4000-11,000+ nm) ntau yam, uas yog pom tsis tau rau tib neeg lub qhov muag.
Lub teeb pom kev tau txais ib feem ntawm lub qhov muag qhov chaw ua ntej nws tsom mus rau retina, uas pab txo nws qhov cuam tshuam.
Txawm li cas los xij, lub teeb infrared hla qhov kev tiv thaiv no vim nws tsis pom, txhais tau tias nws ncav cuag lub retina nrog kev siv tag nrho, ua rau muaj kev phom sij ntau dua.
Lub zog ntau dhau no tuaj yeem hlawv lub retina, ua rau qhov muag tsis pom lossis kev puas tsuaj loj.
Lasers nrog wavelengths qis dua 400 nm (nyob rau hauv lub ultraviolet ntau yam) kuj yuav ua rau photochemical puas, xws li cataracts, uas huab tsis pom kev thaum lub sij hawm.
Kev tiv thaiv zoo tshaj plaws tiv thaiv lub qhov muag puas tsuaj yog hnav cov tsom iav laser kom raug.
Cov tsom iav no yog tsim los nqus cov teeb pom kev zoo ntawm lub teeb wavelength.
Piv txwv li, yog tias koj ua haujlwm nrog Laserax fiber ntau laser system, koj yuav xav tau cov tsom iav uas tiv thaiv 1064 nm wavelength teeb.
Daim tawv nqaij raug mob: Hlawv thiab Photochemical puas
Txawm hais tias cov tawv nqaij raug mob los ntawm lasers feem ntau tsis tshua hnyav dua qhov muag raug mob, lawv tseem xav tau kev saib xyuas.
Kev sib cuag ncaj qha nrog lub teeb ci laser lossis nws cov iav zoo li qhov xav tau tuaj yeem hlawv daim tawv nqaij, zoo li kov lub qhov cub kub.
Qhov hnyav ntawm qhov kub hnyiab yog nyob ntawm lub laser lub zog, wavelength, lub sij hawm raug, thiab qhov loj ntawm qhov chaw cuam tshuam.
Muaj ob hom kev puas tsuaj ntawm daim tawv nqaij los ntawm lasers:
Kev puas tsuaj cua sov
Zoo ib yam li qhov kub hnyiab los ntawm qhov chaw kub.
Photochemical Kev puas tsuaj
Zoo li sunburn, tab sis tshwm sim los ntawm raug rau cov wavelengths ntawm lub teeb.
Txawm hais tias kev raug mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij feem ntau tsawg dua qhov muag raug mob, nws tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum siv cov khaub ncaws tiv thaiv thiab cov ntaub thaiv npog kom txo tau qhov kev pheej hmoo.
Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob: Yuav ua li cas Lasers tuaj yeem hlawv cov ntaub ntawv
Lasers-tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj zog Class 4 lasers-ua rau muaj hluav taws kub.
Lawv cov kab teeb, nrog rau cov teeb pom kev zoo (txawm tias muaj kev cuam tshuam los yog tawg tawg), tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv ib puag ncig.
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv hluav taws, Chav Kawm 4 lasers yuav tsum tau muab kaw kom zoo, thiab lawv txoj kev xav tau yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo xav.
Qhov no suav nrog kev suav nyiaj rau ob qho tib si ncaj qha thiab diffuse reflections, uas tseem tuaj yeem nqa lub zog txaus los pib hluav taws yog tias ib puag ncig tsis ua tib zoo tswj.
Dab tsi yog Class 1 Laser Product
Nkag siab txog Laser Safety Labels: Lawv txhais li cas tiag?
Laser cov khoom nyob txhua qhov chaw tau cim nrog cov ntawv ceeb toom, tab sis koj puas tau xav paub tias cov ntawv no txhais tau li cas?
Tshwj xeeb, daim ntawv lo "Class 1" txhais li cas, thiab leej twg txiav txim siab cov ntawv sau rau ntawm cov khoom twg? Cia peb ua txhaum.
Class 1 Laser yog dab tsi?
A Class 1 laser yog ib hom laser uas ua tau raws li cov qauv kev nyab xeeb nruj raws li International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC).
Cov qauv no xyuas kom meej tias Class 1 lasers muaj kev nyab xeeb rau kev siv thiab tsis tas yuav muaj kev ntsuas kev nyab xeeb ntxiv, xws li kev tswj hwm tshwj xeeb lossis cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv.
Dab tsi yog Class 1 Laser Cov Khoom?
Cov khoom lag luam laser Class 1, ntawm qhov tod tes, tuaj yeem muaj cov lasers uas muaj zog dua (xws li Class 3 lossis Class 4 lasers), tab sis lawv muaj kev nyab xeeb los tiv thaiv kev pheej hmoo.
Cov khoom no yog tsim los ua kom lub laser beam muaj, tiv thaiv raug txawm tias lub laser sab hauv yuav muaj zog dua.
Qhov txawv yog dab tsi?
Txawm hais tias Class 1 lasers thiab Class 1 laser cov khoom muaj kev nyab xeeb, lawv tsis zoo ib yam.
Class 1 lasers yog cov lasers uas tsis muaj zog uas tau tsim kom muaj kev nyab xeeb nyob rau hauv ib txwm siv, tsis tas yuav muaj kev tiv thaiv ntxiv.
Piv txwv li, koj tuaj yeem saib tau zoo ntawm Class 1 laser beam uas tsis muaj lub ntsej muag tiv thaiv vim nws tsis muaj zog thiab nyab xeeb.
Tab sis cov khoom lag luam laser Class 1 tuaj yeem muaj lub laser muaj zog dua sab hauv, thiab thaum nws muaj kev nyab xeeb rau kev siv (vim tias nws tau muab kaw), kev raug ncaj qha tseem tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo yog tias lub kaw lus puas.
Cov khoom siv laser li cas?
Cov khoom siv laser raug tswj hwm thoob ntiaj teb los ntawm IEC, uas muab cov lus qhia txog kev nyab xeeb laser.
Cov kws tshaj lij los ntawm ib puag ncig 88 lub teb chaws pab txhawb rau cov qauv no, ua pab pawg hauv qabIEC 60825-1 tus qauv.
Cov txheej txheem no xyuas kom meej tias cov khoom siv laser muaj kev nyab xeeb siv rau ntau qhov chaw.
Txawm li cas los xij, IEC Tsis Ua Raws Li Cov Qauv Ncaj Ncees.
Nyob ntawm seb koj nyob qhov twg, cov tub ceev xwm hauv cheeb tsam yuav yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev tswj hwm kev nyab xeeb ntawm laser.
Kho IEC cov lus qhia kom haum rau cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb (xws li cov chaw kho mob lossis chaw tsim khoom).
Txawm hais tias txhua lub tebchaws yuav muaj cov cai sib txawv me ntsis, cov khoom siv laser uas ua tau raws li IEC cov qauv feem ntau tau txais thoob ntiaj teb.
Hauv lwm lo lus, yog tias ib yam khoom ua tau raws li IEC cov qauv, nws feem ntau kuj ua raws li cov cai hauv zos, ua rau nws muaj kev nyab xeeb dua rau kev siv hla ciam teb.
Yuav ua li cas yog cov khoom Laser tsis yog Class 1?
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws, txhua lub tshuab laser yuav yog Chav Kawm 1 txhawm rau tshem tawm cov kev pheej hmoo, tab sis qhov tseeb, feem ntau lasers tsis yog Class 1.
Ntau lub tshuab laser, zoo li cov siv rau laser npav, laser vuam, laser tu, thiab laser texturing, yog Class 4 lasers.
Qib 4 Lasers:High-power lasers uas yuav ua tau txaus ntshai yog tsis ua tib zoo tswj.
Thaum qee qhov ntawm cov lasers no tau siv nyob rau hauv qhov chaw tswj hwm (xws li chav tshwj xeeb uas cov neeg ua haujlwm hnav cov iav kev nyab xeeb).
Cov neeg tsim khoom thiab cov neeg koom ua ke feem ntau ua cov kauj ruam ntxiv los ua kom Class 4 lasers muaj kev nyab xeeb dua.
Lawv ua qhov no los ntawm kev kaw lub tshuab laser, uas tseem ceeb hloov pauv lawv mus rau Class 1 cov khoom laser, kom ntseeg tau tias lawv muaj kev nyab xeeb siv.
Xav Paub Cov Cai Li Cas Rau Koj?
Ntxiv Resources & Cov Ntaub Ntawv ntawm Laser Safety
Nkag siab txog Kev Nyab Xeeb Laser: Cov Qauv, Cov Cai, thiab Kev Pabcuam
Laser kev nyab xeeb yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tiv thaiv kev sib tsoo thiab ua kom muaj kev tswj hwm ntawm laser tshuab.
Cov qauv kev lag luam, tsoomfwv cov cai, thiab cov peev txheej ntxiv muab cov lus qhia uas pab ua kom cov haujlwm laser muaj kev nyab xeeb rau txhua tus neeg koom nrog.
Ntawm no yog ib qho yooj yim tawg ntawm cov peev txheej tseem ceeb los coj koj nkag siab txog kev nyab xeeb laser.
Cov qauv tseem ceeb rau Laser Safety
Txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws kom tau txais kev nkag siab zoo ntawm laser kev nyab xeeb yog los ntawm kev paub koj tus kheej nrog cov qauv tsim.
Cov ntaub ntawv no yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib koom tes ntawm cov kws tshaj lij hauv kev lag luam thiab muab cov kev ntseeg siab ntawm kev siv lasers kom zoo.
Cov qauv no, pom zoo los ntawm American National Standards Institute (ANSI), yog luam tawm los ntawm Laser Institute of America (LIA).
Nws yog ib qho ntawm cov kev pabcuam tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau txhua tus siv lasers, muab cov kev cai meej thiab cov lus pom zoo rau kev nyab xeeb laser.
Nws suav nrog kev faib laser, kev tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb, thiab ntau ntxiv.
Cov qauv no, kuj tau txais kev pom zoo ANSI, tshwj xeeb yog tsim rau kev tsim khoom lag luam.
Nws muaj cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws txog kev nyab xeeb rau kev siv laser hauv kev lag luam ib puag ncig, kom ntseeg tau tias cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab cov khoom siv tiv thaiv los ntawm kev phom sij ntawm laser.
Cov qauv no, kuj tau txais kev pom zoo ANSI, tshwj xeeb yog tsim rau kev tsim khoom lag luam.
Nws muaj cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws txog kev nyab xeeb rau kev siv laser hauv kev lag luam ib puag ncig, kom ntseeg tau tias cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab cov khoom siv tiv thaiv los ntawm kev phom sij ntawm laser.
Tsoom Fwv Txoj Cai ntawm Laser Safety
Hauv ntau lub tebchaws, cov tswv ntiav ua haujlwm raug cai los ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm lawv cov neeg ua haujlwm thaum ua haujlwm nrog lasers.
Ntawm no yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov kev cai muaj feem xyuam hauv ntau thaj tsam:
Tebchaws Meskas:
FDA Title 21, Tshooj 1040 tsim cov qauv kev ua haujlwm rau cov khoom siv teeb pom kev zoo, suav nrog lasers.
Txoj cai no tswj hwm kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv laser muag thiab siv hauv Asmeskas
Canada:
Canada's Labor Code thiabTxoj Cai Ua Haujlwm Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv & Kev Nyab Xeeb (SOR/86-304)teeb tsa cov txheej txheem kev nyab xeeb ntawm chaw ua haujlwm.
Tsis tas li ntawd, Txoj Cai Radiation Emitting Devices Act thiab Nuclear Safety and Control Act hais txog laser hluav taws xob kev nyab xeeb thiab ib puag ncig kev noj qab haus huv.
Teb chaws Europe:
Hauv Tebchaws Europe, lubCov Lus Qhia 89/391/EECtsom mus rau kev nyab xeeb thiab kev noj qab haus huv ntawm kev ua hauj lwm, muab lub hauv paus dav rau kev nyab xeeb ntawm chaw ua haujlwm.
CovArtificial Optical Radiation Cov Lus Qhia (2006/25/EC)tshwj xeeb yog tsom rau kev nyab xeeb ntawm laser, tswj kev txwv qhov raug thiab kev ntsuas kev nyab xeeb rau qhov muag hluav taws xob.
Post lub sij hawm: Dec-20-2024