Izi ndi Zonse Zomwe Muyenera Kudziwa Zokhudza Chitetezo cha Laser
Chitetezo cha laser chimatengera kalasi ya laser yomwe mukugwira nayo ntchito.
Nambala ya kalasi ikakwera, m'pamenenso muyenera kusamala.
Nthawi zonse mverani machenjezo ndikugwiritsa ntchito zida zodzitetezera pakafunika.
Kumvetsetsa magulu a laser kumakuthandizani kuti mukhale otetezeka mukamagwira ntchito ndi ma lasers kapena mozungulira.
Ma laser amagawidwa m'magulu osiyanasiyana kutengera chitetezo chawo.
Pano pali kufotokozera molunjika kwa kalasi iliyonse ndi zomwe muyenera kudziwa za iwo.
Kodi Maphunziro a Laser ndi Chiyani: Kufotokozera
Kumvetsetsa Maphunziro a Laser = Kuchulukitsa Kudziwitsa Zachitetezo
Class 1 lasers
Ma laser a Class 1 ndiye mtundu wotetezeka kwambiri.
Zilibe vuto m'maso pakugwiritsa ntchito bwino, ngakhale zitawonedwa kwa nthawi yayitali kapena ndi zida zowunikira.
Ma lasers awa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mphamvu zochepa, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ma microwatt ochepa.
Nthawi zina, ma laser amphamvu kwambiri (monga Class 3 kapena Class 4) amatsekeredwa kuti awapange Mkalasi 1.
Mwachitsanzo, makina osindikizira a laser amagwiritsa ntchito ma laser amphamvu kwambiri, koma popeza atsekeredwa, amatengedwa ngati ma laser Class 1.
Simuyenera kudandaula za chitetezo pokhapokha ngati zida zowonongeka.
Ma laser Class 1M
Ma laser a Class 1M ndi ofanana ndi ma laser a Class 1 chifukwa nthawi zambiri amakhala otetezeka m'maso nthawi zonse.
Komabe, mukakulitsa mtengowo pogwiritsa ntchito zida zowonera monga ma binoculars, zitha kukhala zowopsa.
Izi ndichifukwa choti mtengo wokulirapo ukhoza kupitilira mphamvu zotetezeka, ngakhale sizowopsa kwamaso.
Laser diodes, fiber optic communication systems, ndi laser speed detectors amagwera m'gulu la Class 1M.
Class 2 lasers
Ma laser a Class 2 amakhala otetezeka kwambiri chifukwa chachilengedwe cha blink reflex.
Mukayang'ana mtengowo, maso anu amaphethira, ndikuchepetsa kutsika kwa masekondi ochepera 0.25 - izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zokwanira kuti musavulaze.
Ma lasers awa amangokhala pachiwopsezo ngati muyang'ana dala pamtengowo.
Ma laser a Class 2 ayenera kutulutsa kuwala kowoneka, popeza blink reflex imagwira ntchito mukatha kuwona kuwala.
Ma lasers awa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi 1 milliwatt (mW) yamphamvu yopitilira, ngakhale nthawi zina, malirewo amakhala okwera.
Class 2M Laser
Ma laser a Class 2M ndi ofanana ndi Class 2, koma pali kusiyana kwakukulu:
Mukawona mtandawo pogwiritsa ntchito zida zokulitsira (monga telescope), blink reflex siteteza maso anu.
Ngakhale kuyang'ana pang'ono pamtengo wokulirapo kumatha kuvulaza.
Class 3R lasers
Ma laser a Class 3R, monga zolozera za laser ndi makina ojambulira laser, ndi amphamvu kwambiri kuposa Class 2 koma amakhala otetezeka ngati agwiridwa bwino.
Kuyang'ana molunjika pamtengowo, makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito zida zowunikira, kungayambitse kuwonongeka kwa maso.
Komabe, kuwonekera mwachidule nthawi zambiri sikuvulaza.
Ma laser a Class 3R ayenera kukhala ndi zilembo zomveka bwino, chifukwa amatha kukhala pachiwopsezo ngati agwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika.
M'machitidwe akale, Gulu la 3R limatchedwa Class IIIa.
Class 3B Laser
Ma laser a Class 3B ndi owopsa kwambiri ndipo amayenera kuchitidwa mosamala.
Kuwonekera kwachindunji pamtengo kapena zowonetsera ngati galasi zimatha kuvulaza maso kapena kuyaka khungu.
Zowoneka zobalalika zokha, zowoneka bwino ndizotetezeka.
Mwachitsanzo, ma laser Class 3B opitilira mafunde sayenera kupitilira ma watts 0.5 pamafunde apakati pa 315 nm ndi infrared, pomwe ma lasers owoneka bwino (400–700 nm) sayenera kupitilira ma millijoules 30.
Ma lasers awa amapezeka nthawi zambiri muzowonetsa zosangalatsa.
Class 4 lasers
Ma laser a Class 4 ndi omwe ali owopsa kwambiri.
Ma lasers awa ndi amphamvu kwambiri moti amatha kuvulaza maso ndi khungu, ndipo amatha kuyatsa moto.
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale monga kudula laser, kuwotcherera, ndi kuyeretsa.
Ngati muli pafupi ndi laser Class 4 popanda njira zotetezera, muli pachiwopsezo chachikulu.
Ngakhale mawonekedwe osalunjika amatha kuwononga, ndipo zinthu zomwe zili pafupi zimatha kugwira moto.
Nthawi zonse valani zida zodzitchinjiriza ndikutsata ndondomeko zachitetezo.
Makina ena amphamvu kwambiri, monga makina ojambulira a laser, ndi ma laser a Class 4, koma amatha kutsekedwa bwino kuti achepetse zoopsa.
Mwachitsanzo, makina a Laserax amagwiritsa ntchito ma laser amphamvu, koma adapangidwa kuti akwaniritse miyezo yachitetezo cha Class 1 atatsekedwa mokwanira.
Zowopsa Zosiyanasiyana Zotheka Laser
Kumvetsetsa Zowopsa za Laser: Zowopsa za Diso, Khungu, ndi Moto
Ma laser amatha kukhala owopsa ngati sanasamalidwe bwino, okhala ndi mitundu itatu yayikulu ya zoopsa: kuvulala m'maso, kupsa pakhungu, ndi ngozi zamoto.
Ngati makina a laser sanatchulidwe kuti ndi Gulu 1 (gulu lotetezeka kwambiri), ogwira ntchito m'derali ayenera kuvala zida zodzitetezera nthawi zonse, monga magalasi oteteza maso awo komanso suti zapadera zapakhungu lawo.
Kuvulala kwa Maso: Choopsa Choopsa Kwambiri
Kuvulala kwamaso kuchokera ku lasers ndizovuta kwambiri chifukwa zimatha kuwononga kosatha kapena khungu.
Ichi ndichifukwa chake kuvulala kumeneku kumachitika komanso momwe mungapewere.
Kuwala kwa laser kukalowa m'diso, cornea ndi lens zimagwirira ntchito limodzi kuti ziyang'ane pa retina (kumbuyo kwa diso).
Kuwala kokhazikika kumeneku kumakonzedwa ndi ubongo kuti apange zithunzi.
Komabe, mbali za diso zimenezi—cornea, lens, ndi retina—zimakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha kuwonongeka kwa laser.
Mtundu uliwonse wa laser ukhoza kuvulaza maso, koma kuwala kwina kumakhala koopsa kwambiri.
Mwachitsanzo, makina ambiri ojambulira laser amatulutsa kuwala pafupi ndi infuraredi (700–2000 nm) kapena ma infrared (4000–11,000+ nm) osiyanasiyana, omwe sawoneka ndi maso.
Kuwala kowoneka kumatengeka pang'ono ndi diso kusanayambe kuyang'ana pa retina, zomwe zimathandiza kuchepetsa mphamvu yake.
Komabe, kuwala kwa infrared kumadutsa chitetezo ichi chifukwa sichikuwoneka, kutanthauza kuti kumafika ku retina ndi mphamvu zonse, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yovulaza kwambiri.
Mphamvu zowonjezerazi zimatha kutentha retina, zomwe zimapangitsa khungu kapena kuwonongeka kwakukulu.
Ma laser okhala ndi mafunde otsika pansi pa 400 nm (mumtundu wa ultraviolet) amathanso kuwononga zithunzi, monga ng'ala, yomwe imawona pakapita nthawi.
Chitetezo chabwino kwambiri pakuwonongeka kwa diso la laser ndikuvala magalasi olondola a laser.
Magalasi awa adapangidwa kuti azitha kuyamwa mafunde oopsa.
Mwachitsanzo, ngati mukugwira ntchito ndi Laserax fiber laser system, mufunika magalasi omwe amateteza kuwala kwa 1064 nm wavelength.
Zowopsa Zapakhungu: Kuwotcha ndi Kuwonongeka kwa Photochemical
Ngakhale kuvulala kwapakhungu kuchokera ku lasers nthawi zambiri kumakhala kocheperako kuposa kuvulala kwamaso, kumafunikirabe chisamaliro.
Kulumikizana mwachindunji ndi mtengo wa laser kapena mawonekedwe ake ngati galasi amatha kutentha khungu, monga kukhudza chitofu chotentha.
Kuopsa kwa kuyaka kumadalira mphamvu ya laser, kutalika kwa mafunde, nthawi yowonekera, ndi kukula kwa dera lomwe lakhudzidwa.
Pali mitundu iwiri yayikulu ya kuwonongeka kwa khungu kuchokera ku lasers:
Kuwonongeka kwa Matenthedwe
Zofanana ndi kuwotcha kuchokera pamalo otentha.
Kuwonongeka kwa Photochemical
Monga kupsa ndi dzuwa, koma chifukwa cha kukhudzana ndi mafunde enieni a kuwala.
Ngakhale kuvulala pakhungu nthawi zambiri sikumakhala koopsa kwambiri ngati kuvulala m'maso, ndikofunikirabe kugwiritsa ntchito zovala zodzitchinjiriza ndi zishango kuti muchepetse ngozi.
Zowopsa za Moto: Momwe Ma laser Amatha Kuyatsira Zida
Ma laser-makamaka amphamvu kwambiri a Class 4 lasers-amabweretsa chiwopsezo chamoto.
Miyendo yawo, pamodzi ndi kuwala kulikonse (ngakhale kufalikira kapena zowala zowawalika), zimatha kuyatsa zinthu zoyaka m'malo ozungulira.
Pofuna kupewa moto, ma laser a Class 4 ayenera kutsekedwa bwino, ndipo njira zawo zowunikira ziyenera kuganiziridwa mosamala.
Izi zikuphatikizapo kuwerengera zowunikira molunjika komanso zowonekera, zomwe zimatha kunyamulabe mphamvu zokwanira kuyatsa moto ngati chilengedwe sichisamalidwa bwino.
Kodi Class 1 Laser Product ndi chiyani
Kumvetsetsa Zolemba Zachitetezo cha Laser: Kodi Amatanthauza Chiyani Kwenikweni?
Zopanga za laser paliponse zimayikidwa machenjezo, koma kodi munayamba mwadzifunsapo kuti zilembo izi zikutanthauza chiyani?
Mwachindunji, kodi chizindikiro cha "Class 1" chimatanthauza chiyani, ndipo ndani amasankha kuti ndi zilembo ziti zomwe zikuyenera kukhala pazinthu ziti? Tiyeni tiphwanye.
Kodi Class 1 Laser ndi chiyani?
Laser Class 1 ndi mtundu wa laser womwe umakwaniritsa miyezo yotetezeka yokhazikitsidwa ndi International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC).
Miyezo iyi imawonetsetsa kuti ma laser a Class 1 ndi otetezeka kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito ndipo safuna njira zina zotetezera, monga zowongolera zapadera kapena zida zodzitetezera.
Kodi Class 1 Laser Products ndi chiyani?
Komano, zinthu za laser za Class 1 zimatha kukhala ndi ma laser amphamvu kwambiri (monga ma laser Class 3 kapena Class 4), koma amatsekedwa bwino kuti achepetse zoopsa.
Zogulitsazi zimapangidwira kuti mtengo wa laser ukhalepo, kuteteza kuwonetseredwa ngakhale laser mkati mwake ingakhale yamphamvu kwambiri.
Kodi Kusiyana N'chiyani?
Ngakhale ma laser a Class 1 ndi zida za laser Class 1 ndizotetezeka, sizofanana ndendende.
Ma laser a Class 1 ndi ma laser amphamvu otsika omwe adapangidwa kuti azikhala otetezeka pakagwiritsidwe ntchito bwino, osafunikira chitetezo chowonjezera.
Mwachitsanzo, mutha kuyang'ana mosamala mtengo wa laser Class 1 wopanda zovala zoteteza chifukwa ndi mphamvu zochepa komanso zotetezeka.
Koma chida cha laser cha Class 1 chikhoza kukhala ndi laser yamphamvu kwambiri mkati, ndipo ngakhale ndi yotetezeka kugwiritsa ntchito (chifukwa ndi yotsekeredwa), kuwonekera mwachindunji kumatha kukhala pachiwopsezo ngati mpanda wawonongeka.
Kodi Zogulitsa za Laser Zimayendetsedwa Bwanji?
Zogulitsa za laser zimayendetsedwa padziko lonse lapansi ndi IEC, yomwe imapereka malangizo pachitetezo cha laser.
Akatswiri ochokera kuzungulira mayiko 88 amathandizira pamiyezo iyi, yomwe ili pansiIEC 60825-1 muyezo.
Malangizowa amawonetsetsa kuti zinthu za laser ndizotetezeka kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito m'malo osiyanasiyana.
Komabe, IEC Simakhazikitsa Miyezo iyi Mwachindunji.
Kutengera komwe muli, akuluakulu amderali adzakhala ndi udindo wokhazikitsa malamulo achitetezo a laser.
Kusintha malangizo a IEC kuti agwirizane ndi zosowa zapadera (monga zachipatala kapena mafakitale).
Ngakhale dziko lililonse lingakhale ndi malamulo osiyana pang'ono, zinthu za laser zomwe zimakwaniritsa miyezo ya IEC zimavomerezedwa padziko lonse lapansi.
Mwanjira ina, ngati chinthu chikukwaniritsa miyezo ya IEC, nthawi zambiri chimagwirizananso ndi malamulo amderalo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zotetezeka kugwiritsa ntchito kudutsa malire.
Nanga bwanji ngati Laser Product si Class 1?
Moyenera, makina onse a laser atha kukhala Class 1 kuti athetse zoopsa zomwe zingachitike, koma zenizeni, ma lasers ambiri si Gulu 1.
Makina ambiri a laser opangira mafakitale, monga omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyika chizindikiro cha laser, kuwotcherera kwa laser, kuyeretsa kwa laser, ndi kutumiza ma laser texturing, ndi ma laser a Class 4.
Ma laser Class 4:Ma lasers amphamvu kwambiri omwe angakhale owopsa ngati sakuyendetsedwa bwino.
Ngakhale ena mwa ma laserswa amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo olamulidwa (monga zipinda zapadera zomwe ogwira ntchito amavala zida zotetezera).
Opanga ndi ophatikiza nthawi zambiri amatenga njira zowonjezera kuti ma laser a Class 4 akhale otetezeka.
Amachita izi potseka makina a laser, omwe amawasintha kukhala zinthu zamtundu wa Class 1, kuwonetsetsa kuti ndizotetezeka kugwiritsa ntchito.
Mukufuna Kudziwa Malamulo Omwe Amakukhudzani?
Zowonjezera Zowonjezera & Zambiri pa Chitetezo cha Laser
Kumvetsetsa Chitetezo cha Laser: Miyezo, Malamulo, ndi Zida
Chitetezo cha laser ndichofunikira popewa ngozi ndikuwonetsetsa kuti makina a laser asamayende bwino.
Miyezo yamakampani, malamulo aboma, ndi zina zowonjezera zimapereka malangizo omwe amathandizira kuti ntchito ya laser ikhale yotetezeka kwa aliyense amene akukhudzidwa.
Nayi kusanthula kosavuta kwazinthu zofunikira kuti zikuwongolereni pakumvetsetsa chitetezo cha laser.
Mfundo zazikuluzikulu za Chitetezo cha Laser
Njira yabwino yodziwira bwino chitetezo cha laser ndikudziwiratu miyezo yokhazikitsidwa.
Zolemba izi ndi zotsatira za mgwirizano pakati pa akatswiri amakampani ndikupereka malangizo odalirika amomwe mungagwiritsire ntchito lasers mosamala.
Mulingo uwu, wovomerezedwa ndi American National Standards Institute (ANSI), wofalitsidwa ndi Laser Institute of America (LIA).
Ndi imodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri kwa aliyense amene amagwiritsa ntchito ma lasers, kupereka malamulo omveka bwino komanso malingaliro achitetezo a laser.
Zimakhudza gulu la laser, ma protocol achitetezo, ndi zina zambiri.
Mulingo uwu, womwenso wavomerezedwa ndi ANSI, umapangidwira makamaka gawo lazopanga.
Imapereka malangizo atsatanetsatane achitetezo ogwiritsira ntchito laser m'mafakitale, kuwonetsetsa kuti ogwira ntchito ndi zida zimatetezedwa ku zoopsa zokhudzana ndi laser.
Mulingo uwu, womwenso wavomerezedwa ndi ANSI, umapangidwira makamaka gawo lazopanga.
Imapereka malangizo atsatanetsatane achitetezo ogwiritsira ntchito laser m'mafakitale, kuwonetsetsa kuti ogwira ntchito ndi zida zimatetezedwa ku zoopsa zokhudzana ndi laser.
Malamulo aboma pa Chitetezo cha Laser
M'mayiko ambiri, olemba ntchito ali ndi udindo woonetsetsa kuti ogwira ntchito ali otetezeka pamene akugwira ntchito ndi lasers.
Nawa mwachidule malamulo oyenera m'magawo osiyanasiyana:
United States:
Mutu wa FDA 21, Gawo 1040 umakhazikitsa miyezo yoyendetsera zinthu zotulutsa kuwala, kuphatikiza ma laser.
Lamuloli limayang'anira zofunikira zachitetezo pazinthu za laser zogulitsidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito ku US
Canada:
Canada Labor Code ndiMalamulo a Zaumoyo ndi Chitetezo Pantchito (SOR/86-304)khazikitsani malangizo okhudza chitetezo chapantchito.
Kuphatikiza apo, Radiation Emitting Devices Act ndi Nuclear Safety and Control Act imayankha chitetezo cha ma radiation a laser ndi thanzi la chilengedwe.
Europe:
Ku Ulaya, aDirective 89/391/EECimayang'ana kwambiri zachitetezo ndi thanzi lantchito, zomwe zimapereka njira zambiri zotetezera kuntchito.
TheArtificial Optical Radiation Directive (2006/25/EC)makamaka imayang'ana chitetezo cha laser, kuwongolera malire akuwonetsa ndi njira zachitetezo cha radiation ya kuwala.
Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-20-2024