Nibintu byose ukeneye kumenya kubyerekeye umutekano wa Laser
Umutekano wa Laser biterwa nicyiciro cya laser mukorana.
Umubare munini wibyiciro, niko ugomba kwirinda.
Buri gihe witondere kuburira kandi ukoreshe ibikoresho birinda igihe bibaye ngombwa.
Gusobanukirwa ibyiciro bya laser bigufasha kurinda umutekano mugihe ukorana na lazeri.
Lazeri ishyirwa mubyiciro bitandukanye ukurikije urwego rwumutekano wabo.
Hano haravunitse neza kuri buri cyiciro nicyo ukeneye kumenya kuri bo.
Ibyiciro bya Laser Niki: Byasobanuwe
Sobanukirwa n'amasomo ya Laser = Kongera ubumenyi bwumutekano
Icyiciro cya 1
Icyiciro cya 1 laseri nubwoko bwizewe.
Ntabwo byangiza amaso mugihe gikoreshwa bisanzwe, niyo ureba igihe kirekire cyangwa nibikoresho bya optique.
Izi laseri mubusanzwe zifite imbaraga nke cyane, akenshi microwatts nkeya.
Rimwe na rimwe, laseri zifite imbaraga nyinshi (nk'icyiciro cya 3 cyangwa Icyiciro cya 4) zifunze kugirango zibe Icyiciro cya 1.
Kurugero, printer ya laser ikoresha lazeri ifite ingufu nyinshi, ariko kubera ko zifunze, zifatwa nkicyiciro cya 1.
Ntugomba guhangayikishwa numutekano keretse ibikoresho byangiritse.
Icyiciro cya 1M
Ibyiciro bya 1M bisa na lazeri yo mucyiciro cya 1 kuberako muri rusange bifite umutekano kumaso mubihe bisanzwe.
Ariko, niba ukuza urumuri ukoresheje ibikoresho bya optique nka binokula, birashobora kuba bibi.
Ibi ni ukubera ko urumuri runini rushobora kurenga urwego rwimbaraga zumutekano, nubwo ntacyo bitwaye ijisho.
Diode ya Laser, sisitemu yo gutumanaho ya fibre optique, hamwe na disiketi yihuta ya laser iri mubyiciro 1M.
Icyiciro cya 2
Icyiciro cya 2 laseri zifite umutekano cyane kubera guhumeka bisanzwe.
Iyo urebye igiti, amaso yawe azahita ahumuka, bikagabanya guhura n'amasegonda atarenga 0.25 - ibi birahagije kugirango wirinde ingaruka.
Izi lazeri zitera ibyago gusa iyo urebye nkana.
Icyiciro cya 2 laseri igomba gusohora urumuri rugaragara, kuva blink reflex ikora gusa mugihe ushobora kubona urumuri.
Ubusanzwe izo lazeri zigarukira kuri miliwatt 1 (mW) yimbaraga zikomeza, nubwo mubihe bimwe na bimwe, imipaka irashobora kuba hejuru.
Icyiciro cya 2M
Icyiciro cya 2M laseri isa nicyiciro cya 2, ariko hariho itandukaniro ryingenzi:
Niba ureba igiti ukoresheje ibikoresho byo gukuza (nka telesikope), guhumeka neza ntibizarinda amaso yawe.
Ndetse no guhura gato kumurongo munini urashobora gutera igikomere.
Icyiciro cya 3R
Icyiciro cya 3R, nka laser pointers hamwe na scaneri zimwe na zimwe, birakomeye kuruta icyiciro cya 2 ariko biracyafite umutekano iyo bikozwe neza.
Urebye mu buryo butaziguye, cyane cyane ukoresheje ibikoresho bya optique, birashobora kwangiza amaso.
Ariko, guhura muri make mubisanzwe ntabwo byangiza.
Ibyiciro bya 3R bigomba gutwara ibirango bisobanutse neza, kuko bishobora guteza ibyago iyo bikoreshejwe nabi.
Muri sisitemu ishaje, Icyiciro cya 3R cyiswe Icyiciro cya IIIa.
Icyiciro cya 3B
Icyiciro cya 3B laseri ni bibi cyane kandi bigomba gukemurwa ubwitonzi.
Guhura neza nigiti cyangwa indorerwamo zisa zirashobora gukomeretsa amaso cyangwa gutwika uruhu.
Gusa gutatanye, gukwirakwiza ibitekerezo ni umutekano.
Kurugero, lazeri ikomeza-Icyiciro cya 3B ntigomba kurenza 0.5 watt kuburebure bwumurambararo uri hagati ya 315 nm na infragre, mugihe lazeri ya pulsed iri murwego rugaragara (400-700 nm) ntigomba kurenza milijoules 30.
Izi lazeri zisanzwe ziboneka mumyidagaduro yerekana.
Icyiciro cya 4 Laser
Icyiciro cya 4 laseri nicyago cyane.
Izi lazeri zifite imbaraga zihagije zo gutera amaso akomeye nuruhu, ndetse zirashobora no gutangira umuriro.
Zikoreshwa mubikorwa byinganda nko gukata laser, gusudira, no gukora isuku.
Niba uri hafi ya laser yo mu cyiciro cya 4 udafite ingamba zikwiye z'umutekano, ufite ibyago bikomeye.
Ndetse no gutekereza ku buryo butaziguye birashobora guteza ibyangiritse, kandi ibikoresho biri hafi bishobora gufata umuriro.
Buri gihe ujye wambara ibikoresho birinda kandi ukurikize protocole yumutekano.
Sisitemu zimwe zifite ingufu nyinshi, nkimashini zikoresha lazeri zikoresha, ni lazeri yo mu cyiciro cya 4, ariko zirashobora gufungwa neza kugirango zigabanye ingaruka.
Kurugero, imashini za Laserax zikoresha lazeri zikomeye, ariko zashizweho kugirango zuzuze amahame yumutekano yo mu cyiciro cya mbere iyo zifunze byuzuye.
Impanuka zitandukanye zishoboka
Gusobanukirwa Ibyago bya Laser: Ijisho, Uruhu, ningaruka zumuriro
Lazeri irashobora guteza akaga iyo idakozwe neza, hamwe nubwoko butatu bwingenzi: ibikomere byamaso, gutwika uruhu, hamwe n’impanuka ziterwa n’umuriro.
Niba sisitemu ya laser idashyizwe mubyiciro bya 1 (icyiciro cyizewe), abakozi bo muri ako gace bagomba guhora bambara ibikoresho birinda umutekano, nk'amaso y'umutekano w'amaso yabo hamwe na kositimu idasanzwe y'uruhu rwabo.
Gukomeretsa kw'amaso: Ibyago bikomeye
Gukomeretsa amaso ya lazeri nibyo bihangayikishije cyane kuko bishobora guteza ibyangiritse burundu cyangwa ubuhumyi.
Dore impamvu izi nkomere zibaho nuburyo bwo kuzirinda.
Iyo urumuri rwa lazeri rwinjiye mu jisho, cornea na lens bikorana kugirango bishyire kuri retina (inyuma yijisho).
Urumuri rwibanze noneho rutunganywa nubwonko kugirango rukore amashusho.
Ariko, ibi bice by'amaso - cornea, lens, na retina - birashobora kwangirika cyane.
Ubwoko ubwo aribwo bwose bwa lazeri bushobora kwangiza amaso, ariko uburebure bwumucyo burashobora guteza akaga.
Kurugero, imashini nyinshi zishushanya lazeri zisohora urumuri hafi ya infragre (700-2000 nm) cyangwa intera ndende (4000–11,000 + nm), itagaragara mumaso yumuntu.
Umucyo ugaragara uhindurwamo igice hejuru yijisho mbere yuko yerekeza kuri retina, ifasha kugabanya ingaruka zayo.
Nyamara, urumuri rutagira ingano rwirengagiza ubwo burinzi kuko rutagaragara, bivuze ko rugera kuri retina nimbaraga zuzuye, bigatuma rwangiza cyane.
Izi mbaraga zirenze zishobora gutwika retina, biganisha ku buhumyi cyangwa kwangirika gukabije.
Lazeri ifite uburebure buri munsi ya 400 nm (murwego rwa ultraviolet) irashobora kandi kwangiza fotokome, nka cataracte, iyerekwa ryibicu mugihe runaka.
Kurinda neza kwangirika kwamaso ni kwambara amadarubindi yumutekano.
Amadarubindi yagenewe gukurura urumuri ruteye akaga.
Kurugero, niba ukorana na sisitemu ya Laserax fibre laser, uzakenera indorerwamo zirinda urumuri rwa nm 1064 nm.
Ibyago byuruhu: Gutwika no kwangiza Photochemiki
Nubwo ibikomere byuruhu bituruka kuri laseri muri rusange bidakabije kurenza ibikomere byamaso, baracyakeneye kwitabwaho.
Guhuza bitaziguye na lazeri cyangwa indorerwamo zayo zisa zirashobora gutwika uruhu, nko gukora ku ziko rishyushye.
Uburemere bwokongoka biterwa nimbaraga za laser, uburebure bwumuraba, igihe cyo kwerekana, nubunini bwahantu hafashwe.
Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwingenzi bwangirika bwuruhu rwa laseri:
Ibyangiritse
Bisa no gutwika hejuru yubushyuhe.
Ibyangiritse
Kimwe n'izuba, ariko biterwa no guhura nuburebure bwumucyo.
Nubwo ibikomere byuruhu bidakabije kurenza ibikomere byamaso, biracyakenewe gukoresha imyenda ikingira ningabo kugirango ugabanye ingaruka.
Ibyago byumuriro: Uburyo Laser ishobora gutwika ibikoresho
Lazeri-cyane cyane ifite ingufu nyinshi zo mu cyiciro cya 4-zitera inkongi y'umuriro.
Imirasire yabo, hamwe numucyo uwo ari wo wose ugaragara (niyo ikwirakwizwa cyangwa ikwirakwizwa), irashobora gutwika ibikoresho byaka mubidukikije.
Kugira ngo wirinde inkongi y'umuriro, laseri yo mu cyiciro cya 4 igomba kuba ifunze neza, kandi inzira zabo zo gutekereza zigomba gusuzumwa neza.
Ibi birimo kubara kubitekerezo bitaziguye kandi bikwirakwizwa, birashobora gutwara imbaraga zihagije zo gutangiza umuriro niba ibidukikije bidacunzwe neza.
Icyiciro cya 1 Laser Igicuruzwa
Gusobanukirwa ibirango byumutekano wa Laser: Mubyukuri bivuze iki?
Ibicuruzwa bya Laser ahantu hose birangwa nibirango byo kuburira, ariko wigeze wibaza icyo ibyo birango bivuze mubyukuri?
By'umwihariko, ikirango "Icyiciro cya 1" gisobanura iki, kandi ninde uhitamo ibirango bijya mubicuruzwa? Reka tubice.
Icyiciro cya 1 Laser ni iki?
Icyiciro cya 1 laser ni ubwoko bwa laser bujuje amahame akomeye yumutekano yashyizweho na komisiyo mpuzamahanga y’ikoranabuhanga (IEC).
Ibipimo ngenderwaho byemeza ko lazeri yo mu cyiciro cya 1 ifite umutekano muke kugirango ikoreshwe kandi ntisaba ingamba zumutekano zidasanzwe, nkibikoresho byihariye cyangwa ibikoresho birinda.
Ibicuruzwa byo mu cyiciro cya 1 ni iki?
Ku rundi ruhande, ibicuruzwa byo mu cyiciro cya 1, birashobora kuba birimo lazeri zifite imbaraga nyinshi (nk'icyiciro cya 3 cyangwa icyiciro cya 4), ariko zifunzwe neza kugirango zigabanye ingaruka.
Ibicuruzwa byashizweho kugirango urumuri rwa lazeri rurimo, birinda kugaragara nubwo lazeri imbere ishobora kuba ikomeye.
Ni irihe tandukaniro?
Nubwo ibyuma byombi byo mu cyiciro cya 1 hamwe n’ibicuruzwa byo mu cyiciro cya 1 bifite umutekano, ntabwo bisa.
Icyiciro cya 1 laseri nimbaraga nkeya zagenewe umutekano mukoresha bisanzwe, nta mpamvu yo gukingirwa byongeye.
Kurugero, ushobora kureba neza urumuri rwa laser yo mucyiciro cya 1 nta mwenda wamaso urinda kuko ni imbaraga nke kandi zifite umutekano.
Ariko ibicuruzwa byo mu cyiciro cya 1 birashobora kuba bifite lazeri ikomeye imbere, kandi mugihe ari byiza kuyikoresha (kuko ifunze), guhishurwa bitaziguye birashobora guteza ibyago mugihe uruzitiro rwangiritse.
Nigute ibicuruzwa bya Laser bigengwa?
Ibicuruzwa bya Laser bigengwa n’amahanga na IEC, itanga umurongo ngenderwaho ku mutekano wa laser.
Impuguke ziturutse mu bihugu bigera kuri 88 zitanga umusanzu kuri aya mahame, zishyizwe hamweigipimo cya IEC 60825-1.
Aya mabwiriza yemeza ko ibicuruzwa bya laser bifite umutekano mukoresha ahantu hatandukanye.
Ariko, IEC ntabwo yubahiriza aya mahame mu buryo butaziguye.
Ukurikije aho uri, abayobozi baho bazashinzwe kubahiriza amategeko yumutekano wa laser.
Guhuza umurongo ngenderwaho wa IEC kugirango uhuze ibikenewe byihariye (nkibiri mubuvuzi cyangwa inganda).
Mugihe buri gihugu gishobora kuba gifite amabwiriza atandukanye gato, ibicuruzwa bya laser byujuje ubuziranenge bwa IEC byemewe kwisi yose.
Muyandi magambo, niba ibicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge bwa IEC, mubisanzwe nanone byubahiriza amabwiriza yaho, bigatuma bikoreshwa neza hakurya yumupaka.
Bite ho Niba Igicuruzwa cya Laser kitari Icyiciro cya 1?
Byiza, sisitemu zose za laser zaba Icyiciro cya 1 kugirango zikureho ingaruka zishobora kubaho, ariko mubyukuri, laseri nyinshi ntabwo aricyiciro cya 1.
Sisitemu nyinshi zinganda zinganda, nkizikoreshwa mukumenyekanisha lazeri, gusudira lazeri, gusukura lazeri, hamwe no kwandikisha laser, ni lazeri yo mu cyiciro cya 4.
Icyiciro cya 4 Laser:Laser-power-power ishobora guteza akaga niba itagenzuwe neza.
Mugihe bimwe muribi byuma bikoreshwa mubidukikije bigenzurwa (nkibyumba byihariye aho abakozi bambara ibikoresho byumutekano).
Ababikora naba integuza akenshi bafata ingamba zinyongera kugirango laseri yo mucyiciro cya 4 itekane.
Ibyo babikora mugushyiramo sisitemu ya laser, mubyukuri ibahindura mubicuruzwa byo mucyiciro cya 1 cya laser, bakemeza ko bafite umutekano.
Ushaka kumenya Amabwiriza akureba?
Ibikoresho byinyongera & Amakuru kumutekano wa Laser
Gusobanukirwa Umutekano wa Laser: Ibipimo, Amabwiriza, nubutunzi
Umutekano wa Laser ningirakamaro mukurinda impanuka no kugenzura neza sisitemu ya laser.
Ibipimo byinganda, amabwiriza ya leta, nibindi bikoresho bitanga umurongo ngenderwaho ufasha kurinda ibikorwa bya laser umutekano kubantu bose babigizemo uruhare.
Hano haroroshye koroshya umutungo wingenzi kugirango uyobore mugutahura umutekano wa laser.
Ibipimo byingenzi byumutekano wa Laser
Inzira nziza yo gusobanukirwa byimazeyo umutekano wa laser nukumenyera ibipimo byashyizweho.
Izi nyandiko nigisubizo cyubufatanye hagati yinzobere mu nganda kandi zitanga umurongo ngenderwaho wizewe wogukoresha laseri neza.
Iki gipimo cyemejwe n’ikigo cy’igihugu cy’ubuziranenge cy’Abanyamerika (ANSI), cyanditswe n’ikigo cya Laser Institute of America (LIA).
Nibimwe mubikoresho byingenzi kubantu bose bakoresha lazeri, batanga amategeko asobanutse nibyifuzo byogukora neza.
Irimo urutonde rwa laser, protocole yumutekano, nibindi byinshi.
Ibipimo ngenderwaho, byemewe na ANSI, byateguwe byumwihariko mubikorwa byinganda.
Itanga amabwiriza arambuye yumutekano yo gukoresha lazeri mubidukikije byinganda, kureba ko abakozi nibikoresho birindwa ingaruka ziterwa na laser.
Ibipimo ngenderwaho, byemewe na ANSI, byateguwe byumwihariko mubikorwa byinganda.
Itanga amabwiriza arambuye yumutekano yo gukoresha lazeri mubidukikije byinganda, kureba ko abakozi nibikoresho birindwa ingaruka ziterwa na laser.
Amabwiriza ya Leta yerekeye umutekano wa Laser
Mu bihugu byinshi, abakoresha bafite inshingano zemewe n'amategeko kubungabunga umutekano w'abakozi babo iyo bakorana na laseri.
Dore incamake y'amabwiriza abigenga mu turere dutandukanye:
Amerika:
FDA Umutwe wa 21, Igice cya 1040 ishyiraho ibipimo ngenderwaho byibicuruzwa bitanga urumuri, harimo na lazeri.
Aya mabwiriza agenga ibisabwa byumutekano kubicuruzwa bya laser bigurishwa kandi bikoreshwa muri Amerika
Kanada:
Amategeko agenga umurimo muri Kanada hamwe naAmategeko y’ubuzima n’umutekano ku kazi (SOR / 86-304)shiraho umurongo ngenderwaho wumutekano wakazi.
Byongeye kandi, itegeko ryohereza imishwarara hamwe n’amategeko agenga umutekano wa kirimbuzi hamwe n’amategeko agenga umutekano w’imirasire n’ubuzima bw’ibidukikije.
Uburayi:
Mu Burayi ,.Amabwiriza 89/391 / EECyibanda ku mutekano w’akazi n’ubuzima, itanga urwego runini rwumutekano wakazi.
UwitekaAmabwiriza yububiko bwa optique (2006/25 / EC)byumwihariko yibanda kumutekano wa laser, kugena imipaka yerekana ningamba zumutekano kumirasire ya optique.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-20-2024