Gusudira Laser bigamije ahanini kunoza imikorere yo gusudira hamwe nubwiza bwibikoresho bito byurukuta hamwe nibice byuzuye. Uyu munsi ntabwo tugiye kuvuga kubyiza byo gusudira laser ahubwo twibande kuburyo twakoresha imyuka ikingira gusudira neza.
Kuki ukoresha gazi yo gukingira gusudira laser?
Mu gusudira laser, gazi yingabo izagira ingaruka kumiterere yo gusudira, ubwiza bwa weld, ubujyakuzimu bwa weld, n'ubugari bwa weld. Mu bihe byinshi, guhuha gaze yafashijwe bizagira ingaruka nziza kuri weld, ariko birashobora no kuzana ingaruka mbi.
Iyo uhujije gaze ingabo neza, izagufasha:
✦Kurinda neza pisine yo gusudira kugirango ugabanye cyangwa wirinde okiside
✦Mugabanye neza gusibanganya byakozwe mugikorwa cyo gusudira
✦Mugabanye neza imyenge yo gusudira
✦Fasha ikidendezi cyo gusudira gukwirakwira neza mugihe gikomeye, kugirango ubudodo bwo gusudira buje bufite isuku kandi yoroshye
✦Ingaruka zo gukingira icyuma cyumuyaga cyuma cyangwa plasma igicu kuri lazeri kiragabanuka neza, kandi igipimo cyiza cyo gukoresha laser cyiyongera.
Igihe cyoseubwoko bwa gazi ikingira, umuvuduko wa gazi, hamwe no guhitamo uburyo bwo guhitamonibyukuri, urashobora kubona ingaruka nziza yo gusudira. Ariko, gukoresha nabi gaze irinda nabyo birashobora kugira ingaruka mbi kubudozi. Gukoresha ubwoko butari bwo bwa gazi yingabo irashobora kuganisha kumutwe cyangwa kugabanya imiterere yubukorikori. Umuvuduko mwinshi cyane cyangwa muto cyane umuvuduko wa gaze urashobora gutuma habaho okiside ikomeye ya weld hamwe no kwivanga gukomeye kwinyuma yibikoresho byicyuma imbere muri pisine, bikaviramo gusenyuka cyangwa gushingwa.
Ubwoko bwa gaze ya ngabo
Imyuka ikoreshwa cyane yo kurinda laser yo gusudira ni N2, Ar, na He. Imiterere yumubiri nubumashini biratandukanye, ingaruka zabyo rero kuri weld nazo ziratandukanye.
Azote (N2)
Ingufu za ionisation ya N2 iringaniye, iruta iya Ar, kandi munsi ya He. Imirasire ya lazeri, urugero rwa ionisation ya N2 iguma kumurongo uringaniye, ishobora kugabanya neza imiterere yibicu bya plasma no kongera igipimo cyiza cyo gukoresha lazeri. Azote irashobora kwitwara hamwe na aluminiyumu hamwe nicyuma cya karubone mubushyuhe runaka kugirango itange nitride, izamura ubudodo bwa weld kandi igabanye ubukana, kandi igire ingaruka mbi kumiterere yubukorikori bwingingo. Kubwibyo, ntabwo byemewe gukoresha azote mugihe cyo gusudira aluminiyumu hamwe nicyuma cya karubone.
Nyamara, imiti yimiti iri hagati ya azote nicyuma kidafite ingese ikorwa na azote irashobora kongera imbaraga zingingo zogusudira, zizagira akamaro mukuzamura imiterere yubukorikori, bityo gusudira ibyuma bitagira umwanda birashobora gukoresha azote nka gaze ikingira.
Argon (Ar)
Ingufu za ionisation ya Argon ziri hasi cyane, kandi urwego rwa ionisation yarwo ruzaba rwinshi murwego rwa laser. Hanyuma, Argon, nka gaze ikingira, ntishobora kugenzura neza imiterere yibicu bya plasma, bizagabanya igipimo cyiza cyo gukoresha laser yo gusudira. Ikibazo kivuka: argon ni umukandida mubi wo gusudira nka gaze ikingira? Igisubizo ni Oya Kuba gaze inert, Argon biragoye kubyitwaramo nibyuma byinshi, kandi Ar bihendutse gukoresha. Byongeye kandi, ubucucike bwa Ar ni bunini, bizafasha kurohama hejuru yikidendezi cyashongeshejwe kandi gishobora kurinda neza ikidendezi cyo gusudira, bityo Argon ishobora gukoreshwa nka gaze isanzwe ikingira.
Helium (He)
Bitandukanye na Argon, Helium ifite ingufu nyinshi za ionisiyoneri zishobora kugenzura imiterere yibicu bya plasma byoroshye. Muri icyo gihe, Helium ntabwo yitabira ibyuma byose. Nukuri guhitamo neza gusudira laser. Ikibazo gusa nuko Helium ihenze cyane. Ku bahimbyi batanga ibicuruzwa byinshi-byuma, helium izongeramo amafaranga menshi kubiciro byumusaruro. Helium rero ikoreshwa mubushakashatsi bwa siyansi cyangwa ibicuruzwa bifite agaciro kanini cyane.
Nigute ushobora guhuha gaze ya ngabo?
Mbere ya byose, bigomba kumvikana ko icyo bita "okiside" yo gusudira ari izina risanzwe gusa, mu buryo bw'igitekerezo ryerekeza ku miterere y’imiti hagati ya weld hamwe n’ibintu byangiza mu kirere, biganisha ku kwangirika kwa weld . Mubisanzwe, icyuma gisudira gikora ogisijeni, azote, na hydrogène mu kirere ku bushyuhe runaka.
Kugirango wirinde gusudira "okiside" bisaba kugabanya cyangwa kwirinda guhura hagati yibi bikoresho byangiza nicyuma gisudira munsi yubushyuhe bwinshi, butari mubyuma bya pisine byashongeshejwe gusa ahubwo nibihe byose uhereye igihe icyuma gisudira gishonga kugeza kuri icyuma gishongeshejwe icyuma kirakomera kandi ubushyuhe bwacyo burakonja kugeza ku bushyuhe runaka.
Inzira ebyiri zingenzi zo guhuha gaze ingabo
▶Imwe irimo kuvuza gaze ingabo kuruhande, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo 1.
▶Ubundi nuburyo bwo guhuha coaxial, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 2.
Igishushanyo 1.
Igishushanyo 2.
Ihitamo ryihariye ryuburyo bubiri ni ugusuzuma byimazeyo ibintu byinshi. Muri rusange, birasabwa gufata inzira ya gaze irinda uruhande.
Ingero zimwe zo gusudira laser
1. Isaro rigororotse / gusudira kumurongo
Nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 3, imiterere yo gusudira yibicuruzwa ni umurongo, kandi ifatanyirizo irashobora kuba ikibuno, guhuza umugozi, inguni mbi, cyangwa gusudira hamwe. Kuri ubu bwoko bwibicuruzwa, nibyiza gufata uruhande-axis ruhuha gaze ikingira nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo 1.
2. Funga ishusho cyangwa gusudira ahantu
Nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 4, imiterere yo gusudira yibicuruzwa nuburyo bufunze nkumuzenguruko windege, imiterere yindege impande nyinshi, indege igizwe nibice byinshi, nibindi. Nibyiza gukoresha uburyo bwo kurinda gazi ya coaxial nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 2 kuri ubu bwoko bwibicuruzwa.
Guhitamo gazi ikingira bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ubuziranenge bwo gusudira, gukora neza, n’igiciro cy’umusaruro, ariko kubera ubwinshi bwibikoresho byo gusudira, mubikorwa nyirizina byo gusudira, guhitamo gaze yo gusudira biragoye kandi bikeneye gusuzumwa neza ibikoresho byo gusudira, gusudira buryo, umwanya wo gusudira, kimwe nibisabwa n'ingaruka zo gusudira. Binyuze mu bizamini byo gusudira, urashobora guhitamo gaze ikwiye yo gusudira kugirango ugere kubisubizo byiza.
Ushishikajwe no gusudira laser kandi ufite ubushake bwo kwiga guhitamo gaze ya ngabo
Ihuza Bifitanye isano:
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-10-2022