Nigute ushobora guhitamo imvange nziza ya gaz yo gusudira Laser?
Ubwoko, Inyungu, na Porogaramu
Iriburiro:
Ibintu by'ingenzi ugomba kumenya mbere yo kwibira
Gusudira Laser nuburyo bwo hejuru bwo gusudira bukoresha urumuri rwa lazeri kugirango ushongeshe ibikoresho byakazi hanyuma bigakora gusudira nyuma yo gukonja. Mu gusudira laser, gaze igira uruhare runini. Gazi ikingira ntabwo igira ingaruka gusa kumiterere yo gusudira, gusudira ubwiza bwikidodo, gusudira kwaduka, hamwe nubugari bwinjira ariko nanone bigira ingaruka muburyo bwiza no gukora neza.Ni izihe myuka ikenewe mu gusudira laser?Iyi ngingo izareba byimbitseakamaro ka gaze yo gusudira, imyuka yakoreshejwe, nicyo bakora.Tuzagusaba kandiimashini nziza yo gusudirakubyo ukeneye.
Mugihe cyo gusudira lazeri, urumuri rwinshi-rwinshi rwa lazeri yibanda kumwanya wo gusudira wakazi, bigatuma ako kanya gushonga ibintu byubuso bwibikorwa. Gazi irakenewe mugihe cyo gusudira laser kugirango irinde ahantu ho gusudira, kugenzura ubushyuhe, kuzamura ubwiza bwa weld, no kurinda sisitemu ya optique. Guhitamo ubwoko bwa gaze hamwe nibipimo bitanga nibintu byingenzi mugukora neza kandi neza kandi neza kandi neza kandi bigahinduka ibisubizo byiza byo gusudira.
1. Kurinda Uturere two gusudira
Mugihe cyo gusudira lazeri, ahantu ho gusudira hagaragaramo ibidukikije byo hanze kandi bigira ingaruka byoroshye kuri ogisijeni nizindi myuka yo mu kirere.
Oxygene itera okiside ishobora gutuma ubwiza bwa weld bugabanuka, hamwe no kurema imyenge. Isuderi irashobora gukingirwa neza kwanduzwa na ogisijeni itanga gaze ikwiye, ubusanzwe gaze ya inert nka argon, ahantu ho gusudira.
2. Kugenzura ubushyuhe
Guhitamo gazi no gutanga birashobora gufasha kugenzura ubushyuhe bwahantu ho gusudira. Muguhindura umuvuduko wubwoko nubwoko bwa gaze, igipimo cyo gukonja cyahantu ho gusudira kirashobora kugira ingaruka. Ibi nibyingenzi kugenzura agace katewe nubushyuhe (HAZ) mugihe cyo gusudira no kugabanya kugoreka ubushyuhe.
3. Kunoza ubuziranenge bwa Weld
Imyuka imwe n'imwe ifasha, nka ogisijeni cyangwa azote, irashobora kuzamura ubwiza n'imikorere ya weld. Kurugero, kongeramo umwuka wa ogisijeni birashobora kunoza kwinjirira no kongera umuvuduko wo gusudira, mugihe kandi bigira ingaruka kumiterere nuburebure bwa weld.
4. Gukonjesha gaze
Mu gusudira laser, ahantu ho gusudira usanga byibasiwe nubushyuhe bwinshi. Gukoresha sisitemu yo gukonjesha gaze birashobora gufasha kugenzura ubushyuhe bwahantu ho gusudira no kwirinda ubushyuhe bwinshi. Ibi nibyingenzi kugirango ugabanye ubushyuhe bwumuriro ahantu ho gusudira no kuzamura ubwiza bwo gusudira.
5. Kurinda gaze ya sisitemu nziza
Urumuri rwa laser rwibanze kumwanya wo gusudira binyuze muri sisitemu optique. Mugihe cyo kugurisha, ibikoresho bishongeshejwe hamwe na aerosole byakozwe bishobora kwanduza ibintu byiza. Mu kwinjiza imyuka ahantu ho gusudira, ibyago byo kwandura biragabanuka kandi ubuzima bwa sisitemu optique buragurwa.
Mu gusudira laser, gaze irashobora gutandukanya umwuka na plaque yo gusudira kandi ikayirinda kwifata numwuka. Ubu buryo, gusudira hejuru yicyuma bizaba byera kandi byiza. Gukoresha gaze birinda kandi lens kurinda umukungugu. Mubisanzwe, imyuka ikurikira irakoreshwa:
1. Gazi ikingira:
Kurinda imyuka, rimwe na rimwe byitwa "imyuka ya inert," bigira uruhare runini mugikorwa cyo gusudira laser. Uburyo bwo gusudira lazeri akenshi bukoresha imyuka ya inert kugirango irinde pisine. Imyuka ikoreshwa cyane mukurinda laser harimo ahanini argon na neon. Imiterere yumubiri nubumashini biratandukanye, ingaruka zabyo rero kuri weld nazo ziratandukanye.
·Argon: Argon nimwe mumyuka ikoreshwa cyane. Ifite urwego rwo hejuru rwa ionisiyoneri munsi yigikorwa cya laser, idafasha kugenzura imiterere yibicu bya plasma, bizagira ingaruka runaka kumikoreshereze myiza ya lazeri. Imiterere ya inert ya argon ituma itagurishwa, mugihe nayo ikwirakwiza ubushyuhe neza, ifasha kugenzura ubushyuhe mukarere kagurishijwe.
·Neon: Neon ikunze gukoreshwa nka gaze ya inert, isa na argon, kandi ikoreshwa cyane cyane mukurinda agace ko gusudira okisijeni nindi myanda ihumanya ibidukikije. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko neon idakwiriye porogaramu zose zo gusudira. Ikoreshwa cyane cyane kubikorwa bimwe bidasanzwe byo gusudira, nko gusudira ibikoresho binini cyangwa mugihe bikenewe gusudira byimbitse.
2. Gazi y'abafasha:
Mugihe cyo gusudira laser, usibye gaze nyamukuru irinda, imyuka yingirakamaro irashobora kandi gukoreshwa mugutezimbere imikorere yo gusudira nubuziranenge. Ibikurikira ni imyuka isanzwe ifasha ikoreshwa mugusudira laser:
· Oxygene: Oxygene ikunze gukoreshwa nka gaze ifasha kandi irashobora gukoreshwa mu kongera ubushyuhe n'uburebure bwa weld mugihe cyo gusudira. Ongeramo ogisijene irashobora kongera umuvuduko wo gusudira no kwinjira, ariko bigomba kugenzurwa neza kugirango wirinde ogisijeni irenze itera ibibazo bya okiside.
· Azote: Azote nayo ikoreshwa nka gaze ifasha mugusudira laser. Ingufu za ionisation ya azote iringaniye, iruta argon kandi munsi ya hydrogen. Impamyabumenyi ya ionisation muri rusange ikorwa na laser. Irashobora kugabanya neza imiterere yibicu bya plasma, gutanga ubudodo bwiza bwo hejuru no kugaragara, no kugabanya ingaruka za ogisijeni kuri weld. Azote irashobora kandi gukoreshwa mugucunga ubushyuhe bwahantu ho gusudira no kugabanya imiterere yibibyimba.
· Hydrogen / Hydrogen ivanze: Hydrogene itezimbere ubwiza bwa weld kandi igabanya imitekerereze. Uruvange rwa argon na hydrogène bikoreshwa mubikorwa bimwe bidasanzwe, nko gusudira ibyuma bitagira umwanda. Hydrogene yibivanze mubisanzwe iri hagati ya 2% na 15%.
·Helium: Ubusanzwe Helium ikoreshwa mu gusudira ingufu za lazeri zifite ingufu nyinshi kuko zifite ubushyuhe buke kandi ntizishobora kuba ioni, bigatuma lazeri igenda neza kandi ingufu zamashanyarazi zikagera kumurimo wakazi nta mbogamizi. Ifasha imbaraga zo gusudira hejuru. Helium irashobora kandi gukoreshwa mugutezimbere ubuziranenge no kugenzura ubushyuhe bwo gusudira. Iyi niyo gazi ikingira cyane ikoreshwa mugusudira laser, ariko irazimvye.
3. Gazi ikonje:
Gazi ikonjesha ikoreshwa mugihe cyo gusudira laser kugirango igabanye ubushyuhe bwahantu ho gusudira, kwirinda ubushyuhe bwinshi, no gukomeza ubuziranenge bwo gusudira. Ibikurikira nimwe mubisanzwe bikoreshwa mu gukonjesha:
·Amazi: Amazi nuburyo busanzwe bwo gukonjesha bukoreshwa mugukonjesha amashanyarazi hamwe na sisitemu yo guhitamo laser. Sisitemu yo gukonjesha amazi irashobora gufasha kugumana ubushyuhe butajegajega bwa laser hamwe nibikoresho bya optique kugirango urumuri rwa laser rukomeze kandi rukore。
·Imyuka ya Atmospheric: Mubikorwa bimwe byo gusudira laser, imyuka yo mu kirere irashobora gukoreshwa mugukonja. Kurugero, muri sisitemu ya optique ya generator ya laser, gaze yikirere ikikije irashobora gutanga ingaruka zikonje.
·Imyuka ya inert: Imyuka ya gaze nka argon na azote nayo irashobora gukoreshwa nka gaze ikonje. Zifite ubushyuhe buke kandi zirashobora gukoreshwa mukugenzura ubushyuhe bwahantu ho gusudira no kugabanya akarere katewe nubushyuhe (HAZ).
·Amazi ya Azote: Azote y'amazi ni uburyo bwo gukonjesha ubushyuhe buke cyane bushobora gukoreshwa mugusudira imbaraga nyinshi cyane. Itanga ingaruka nziza cyane yo gukonjesha kandi ikanagenzura ubushyuhe mu gice cyo gusudira.
4. Gazi ivanze:
Imvange ya gaze ikoreshwa muburyo bwo gusudira kugirango hongerwe ibintu bitandukanye mubikorwa, nkumuvuduko wo gusudira, ubujyakuzimu bwimbitse, hamwe na arc ituje. Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwingenzi bwa gaz ivanze: binary na ternary ivanze.
1. Imvange ya gaz ya Binary:
·Argon + Oxygene: Ongeramo gake ya ogisijeni muri argon itezimbere arc ituje, itunganya pisine, kandi byongera umuvuduko wo gusudira. Uru ruvange rusanzwe rukoreshwa mu gusudira ibyuma bya karubone, ibyuma bito bito, hamwe nicyuma.
·Argon + Dioxyde de Carbone: Kwiyongera kwa CO₂ kuri argon byongera imbaraga zo gusudira no kurwanya ruswa mugihe bigabanya spatter. Uru ruvange rukoreshwa kenshi mu gusudira ibyuma bya karubone nicyuma.
·Argon + Hydrogen: Hydrogen yongera ubushyuhe bwa arc, itezimbere umuvuduko wo gusudira, kandi igabanya inenge zo gusudira. Ni ingirakamaro cyane cyane mu gusudira nikel ishingiye ku mavuta hamwe nicyuma.
2. Imvange ya gaz ya Ternary:
·Argon + Oxygene + Dioxyde de Carbone: Uru ruvange ruhuza ibyiza byombi bivangwa na argon-ogisijeni na argon-CO₂. Igabanya spatter, itezimbere amazi ya pisine, kandi izamura ubwiza bwa weld. Ikoreshwa cyane mu gusudira ubunini butandukanye bwibyuma bya karubone, ibyuma bito-bito, hamwe nicyuma.
·Argon + Helium + Dioxyde de Carbone: Uru ruvange rufasha kuzamura umutekano wa arc, kongera ubushyuhe bwa pisine, kandi byongera umuvuduko wo gusudira. Ikoreshwa mumashanyarazi magufi arc gusudira hamwe no gusudira biremereye, bitanga kugenzura neza okiside.
Guhitamo Gazi Mubikorwa Bitandukanye
Mubikorwa bitandukanye byo gusudira lazeri, guhitamo gaze ikwiye ningirakamaro, kuko gazi zitandukanye zishobora kubyara ubudasa butandukanye, umuvuduko, nuburyo bwiza. Hano hari amabwiriza agufasha guhitamo gaze ikwiye kubisabwa byihariye:
Ubwoko bwibikoresho byo gusudira:
Ibikoresho bitandukanye bisaba gazi zitandukanye. Muri rusange.
·Ibyuma bitagira umwanda mubisanzwe bikoresha argon cyangwa argon / hydrogen ivanze.
·Aluminium na aluminiyumu ikunze gukoresha argon nziza.
·Amavuta ya Titanium akoresha azote.
·Ibyuma bya karubone nyinshi bikoresha ogisijeni nka gaze ifasha.
Umuvuduko wo gusudira na Pentration:
Niba umuvuduko mwinshi wo gusudira cyangwa gusudira byimbitse gusabwa, guhuza gaze birashobora guhinduka. Ongeramo ogisijeni akenshi bitezimbere umuvuduko no kwinjira, ariko bigomba kugenzurwa neza kugirango wirinde ibibazo bya okiside.
Ubwiza bwa Weld:
Gazi zimwe zishobora kuzamura ubwiza nigaragara rya weld. Kurugero, azote irashobora gutanga isura nziza nubuziranenge bwubuso.
Igenzura rya Pore na Bubble:
Kuri porogaramu zisaba ubudodo bwo mu rwego rwo hejuru cyane, hagomba kwitabwaho cyane cyane kugirango habeho imyenge ninshi. Guhitamo gazi neza birashobora kugabanya ibyago byiyi nenge.
Kugenzura Ubushuhe Bwatewe (HAZ):
Ukurikije ibikoresho bisukurwa, imyanda ishobora guteza akaga uburyo bwihariye bwo kuyitunganya irashobora kubyara mugihe cyogusukura. Ibi birashobora kwiyongera kubiciro rusange byogusukura laser.
Ibikoresho n'ibitekerezo:
Guhitamo gazi nabyo biterwa nubwoko bwibikoresho nigiciro. Imyuka imwe irashobora gusaba sisitemu yihariye yo gutanga cyangwa ikiguzi kiri hejuru.
Kubisabwa byihariye, birasabwa gukorana numu injeniyeri wo gusudira cyangwa uruganda rukora ibikoresho byo gusudira laser kugirango ubone inama zumwuga kandi unoze inzira yo gusudira. Ubushakashatsi hamwe nogutezimbere mubisanzwe birasabwa mbere yuko gazi ya nyuma ihitamo. Ukurikije porogaramu yihariye, gazi zitandukanye hamwe nibipimo birashobora kugeragezwa kugirango ubone uburyo bwiza bwo gusudira.
Ibintu Ukeneye Kumenya: Gukoresha Laser Welding
Basabwe Imashini yo gusudira Laser
Kugirango utezimbere ibyuma byawe byo gutunganya nibikoresho byo gutunganya ibikoresho, guhitamo ibikoresho bikwiye ni ngombwa. MimoWork Laser irasabaImashini yo gusudira Laserkubwibyuma neza kandi neza.
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Inkomoko ihamye ya fibre laser hamwe na fibre ihuza fibre itanga umutekano kandi uhoraho.
Hamwe nimbaraga ndende, urufunguzo rwo gusudira rwa laser ruratunganye kandi rushoboza gusudira hamwe hamwe nicyuma cyinshi.
Hamwe nimashini yoroheje kandi ntoya, imashini ishobora gusudira ya laser yo gusudira ifite ibikoresho byimukanwa byimodoka ya laser welder imbunda yoroshye kandi yoroshye kubikoresho byo gusudira-lazeri nyinshi muburyo ubwo aribwo bwose.
Hitamo ubwoko butandukanye bwa laser welder nozzles hamwe na sisitemu yo kugaburira insinga byikora byorohereza imikorere yo gusudira laser kandi ibyo ni byiza kubatangiye.
Kuzunguruka byihuse byihuta byongera umusaruro wawe nibisohoka mugihe utanga ingirakamaro nziza yo gusudira.
Vuga muri make
Muri make, gusudira lazeri bigomba gukoresha gaze kurinda ahantu ho gusudira, kugenzura ubushyuhe, kuzamura ubwiza, no kurinda sisitemu ya optique. Guhitamo ubwoko bwa gaze hamwe nibipimo bitanga ni ikintu cyingenzi mugukora neza kandi neza kandi neza kandi neza kandi bigahinduka ibisubizo byiza byo gusudira. Ibikoresho bitandukanye nibisabwa birashobora gusaba ubwoko butandukanye hamwe nuburinganire buvanze kugirango bishoboke gusudira.
Tugereho uyu munsikugirango umenye byinshi kubyerekeye gukata laser nuburyo bishobora gutezimbere uburyo bwo guca umusaruro.
Igitekerezo icyo ari cyo cyose cyerekeye imashini zo gusudira Laser?
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-13-2025