Yiyo yonke le nto kufuneka uyazi malunga noKhuseleko lwe-laser
Ukhuseleko lwe-laser luxhomekeke eklasini ye-laser osebenza nayo.
Inombolo yeklasi ephezulu, kokukhona amanyathelo okhuseleko okufuneka athathe.
Hlala unikela ingqalelo kwizilumkiso kwaye usebenzise izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokukhusela xa kufuneka njalo.
Ukuqonda ukuhlelwa kwe-laser Lager kuyanceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba uhlala ukhuselekile ngelixa usebenza kunye okanye ujikeleze i-lasers.
Ii-lars zahlulwe zaba kwiiklasi ezahlukeneyo ngokusekwe kumanqanaba okhuseleko.
Nanku ukuqhekeka ngokuthe ngqo kwiklasi nganye kunye nento ekufuneka uyazi ngayo.
Zithini iiklasi zase-laser: Ucacisiwe
Qonda iiklasi zase-laser = ukwanda kolwazi lokhuseleko
Iklasi 1 Labers
Iklasi 1 I-Lasers yeyona ndlela ikhuselekileyo.
Abanabungozi emehlweni ngexesha lokusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo, kwanaxa bejongwa ixesha elide okanye nezixhobo zamehlo.
Aba bafazi bahlala benamandla amakhulu, bahlala njengabambalwa nje microwts.
Ngamanye amaxesha, abahlali abaziindawo ezinamandla (njengakwiklasi ye-3 okanye kwiklasi 4) bafakwe apha ukuze benze iKlasi 1.
Umzekelo, iiprinta ze-laser zisebenzisa iinqwelo ezixhaswe kakhulu, kodwa kuba zifakwe apha, zithathwa njengezi-1 ii-lasers.
Akukho mfuneko yokuba ube nexhala malunga nokhuseleko ngaphandle kokuba izixhobo zonakalisiwe.
Iklasi ye-1M le-1M
Iklasi ye-1M le-1m ifana neklasini yeklasi enye kuba zikhuselekile kwamehlo phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uyawukhulisa i-aam usebenzisa izixhobo ezingalindelekanga ezinjenge-binoculars, inokuba yingozi.
Kungenxa yokuba i-hamm ekhuhlangulweyo ingadlulanga amanqanaba ombane akhuselekileyo, nangona ayinabungozi kwiliso elingelilo.
I-Laser Deods, iiNkqubo zoNxibelelwano zeFiber Optic, kunye ne-Laser Shicied Spiad bawela kwiklasi ye-1M.
Iklasi 2 Labers
Iklasi 2 I-Lasers ikhuseleke kakhulu ngenxa yendalo yendalo.
Ukuba ujonga i-beam, amehlo akho aya kuqhayisa ngokuzenzekelayo, athintele ukuvezwa kwimizuzwana engaphantsi kwe-0.25 - oku kuhlala kwanele ukuthintela ukwenzakala.
Ezi zilopha zibeka kuphela umngcipheko ukuba uyajonga ngabom emqaleni.
Iklasi 2 I-Lasers kufuneka ikhuphe ukukhanya okubonakalayo, kuba i-Blink Refx isebenza kuphela xa ubona ukukhanya.
Ezi zilopheli zihlala zinqunyelwe kwi-1 milliwatt (MW) yamandla aqhubekayo, nangona kwezinye iimeko, umda unokuphakama.
Iklasi ye-2M le-2M
Iklasi ye-2m I-Lasers iyafana neklasi 2, kodwa kukho umahluko ophambili:
Ukuba ujonga i-beam kwizixhobo zokukhulisa (njengeteleskopu), i-Blink Refx ayinakukhusela amehlo akho.
Ukuvezwa ngokufutshane kwi-beam ekhuselweyo kunokubangela ukwenzakala.
I-3r 3r Labers
Iklasi ye-3R ye-3R, njengezikhombisi ze-laser kunye ne-serser eqinileyo, inamandla kune-2 kodwa ikhuselekile ukuba iphathwe ngokuchanekileyo.
Ngokujonga ngokuthe ngqo kumqadi, ngakumbi ngezixhobo ze-gothical, zinokubangela ukonakala kwamehlo.
Nangona kunjalo, ukubonakaliswa ngokufutshane akusoloko kuyingozi.
Iklasi ye-3r 3R i-Lasers kufuneka ithwale iilebheli ezicacileyo zesilumkiso, njengoko zinokubeka emngciphekweni ukuba zisetyenziswe gwenxa.
Kwiinkqubo ezindala, iklasi 3r yabizwa ngokuba yiklasi i-IIIa.
Iklasi 3b Labers
Iklasi ye-3b ingozi iyingozi ngakumbi kwaye kufuneka ihlawulwe ngesilumkiso.
Ukuvezwa ngokuthe ngqo kumqadi okanye imibuko-njengokubonisa ukubangela ukonzakala kwamehlo okanye ulusu luvutha.
Itshatile kuphela, ukubonakaliswa okukhoyo kukhuselekile.
Umzekelo, i-Deaves eQhelekileyo-i-Lasers ye-3B ayifanele idlule kwi-0.5 ye-watts yamaza ama-315 NM kwaye i-infrared, ngelixa i-langer, ngelixa i-itred, i-400-700 nt) ayifane idlule ezingama-30 ii-millijoleles ezingama-30.
Ezi zithuba zihlala zifumaneka kwiindlela zokuzonwabisa zokuzonwabisa.
Iklasi 4 i-lars
Iklasi 4 I-Lasers yeyona inobungozi.
Ezi bars zinamandla ngokwaneleyo ukubangela iliso eliqatha kunye nolusu, kwaye banokuqalisa imililo.
Zisetyenziselwa izicelo zemizi-mveliso njengokusika i-laser, i-welding, kunye nokucoca.
Ukuba kufutshane neklasi ye-4 lase-laser ngaphandle kwemilinganiselo yokhuseleko ngokufanelekileyo, usengozini enkulu.
Nokuba izibonakaliso ezingathanga ngqo zinokubangela ukonakala, kunye nezixhobo ezikufutshane kunokubangela umlilo.
Soloko unxiba igiya yokhuselo kwaye ulandele iiprotokholi zokhuseleko.
Iinkqubo ezinamandla eziphakathi, ezinjengezithuthi ezenziwe ngu-leser ezizenzekelayo, ziklasi ezi-4 iiLayile, kodwa zinokufakwa ngokukhuselekileyo ukunciphisa umngcipheko.
Umzekelo, oomatshini bakaLaselerax basebenzisa ii-lars, kodwa benzelwe ukudibana nemigangatho yeklasi ye-1 xa kuvalwe ngokupheleleyo.
I-hazards eyahlukileyo
Ukuqonda iingozi ze-laser: iliso, ulusu, kunye nengozi yomlilo
I-Lasers inokuba yingozi ukuba ayilawulwa ngokufanelekileyo, ngeentlobo ezintathu eziphambili zengozi: Ukulimala kwamehlo, ulusu luvutha, kunye nomngcipheko womlilo.
Ukuba inkqubo ye-laser ayichazwanga njengeklasi ye-1 (olona candelo lukhuselekileyo), abasebenzi kule ndawo kufuneka bahlale benxiba izixhobo zokhuselo, njengamagxa oKhuseleko lwamehlo abo kunye ne-Gostoits ekhethekileyo kulusu lwabo.
Ukulimala kweliso: Eyona ngozi imbi kakhulu
Ukulimala kweliso kwi-lasers yeyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kuba banokubangela ukonakala okungapheliyo okanye ubumfama.
Nantsi ukuba kutheni le nto yenzakala kwaye indlela yokuthintela.
Xa ukukhanya kwe-laser kungena iliso, i-cornea kunye nelensi basebenza kunye ukuyigxila kwi-retina (ngasemva kwamehlo).
Esi sibane sigxininisiweyo siyalungiswa yingqondo ukwenza imifanekiso.
Nangona kunjalo, la malungiselelo amehlo-i-cornea, lens, kunye ne-retina-zisengozini enkulu kakhulu kumonakalo we-laser.
Naluphi na uhlobo lwe-laser inokwenzakalisa amehlo, kodwa amanye amazaqatha anengozi ngakumbi.
Umzekelo, uninzi lwamatshini wokukhupha i-laser ekrobekisileyo ekukhanyiseni okufuphi (i-700-2000 ye-NM) okanye i-4000-11,000 + i-NM) iliso elingenanto.
Ukukhanya okubonakalayo kuthathelwa ingqalelo ngumphezulu wamehlo ngaphambi kokuba kugxilwe kwi-retina, enceda ukunciphisa ifuthe.
Nangona kunjalo, ukukhanya kwe-infrared kudlula oku kuba kukhuselo kuba ayibonakali, intsingiselo ifikelela kwi-retina enobuqili ngokupheleleyo, iyenza ibe yingozi ngakumbi.
Amandla angaphezulu anokutshisa i-retina, ekhokelela kubumfama okanye kwimonakalo enzima.
I-lasers enezaphulelo ezingezantsi kwe-400 NM (kuluhlu lwe-Ultraviolet) inokubangela umonakalo wefoto, njengeyona khetha, ilogo yelifu ngokuhamba kwexesha.
Olona nkcitho lubalaseleyo kumonakalo wamehlo eLar inxibe i-goggles echanekileyo.
Ezi goggles zenzelwe ukuba zifumane ukukhanya kwengozi.
Umzekelo, ukuba usebenza ngenkqubo ye-laserax fiber seser, uyakufuna i-goggles ekhusela ngokuchasene ne-1064 ndlo laavenclon yakhanya.
I-hazards yolusu: ukuvutha kunye nomonakalo wefoto
Ngelixa ukulimala kolusu kwi-larssts ngokubanzi kungonakali kunokuba nenzakala kwamehlo, basafuna ingqalelo.
Ukudibana ngokuthe ngqo nge-laser ye-laser okanye isibuko sesona sicamngca kunokutshisa ulusu, njengokuchukumisa isitovu esishushu.
Ubunzima bokutshisa buxhomekeke kumandla kaLaser, i-wavelength, ixesha lokuveza, kunye nobungakanani bendawo echaphazelekayo.
Zimbini iintlobo eziphambili zomonakalo wolusu kwi-lasers:
Umonakalo we-thermal
Ifana nokutshisa kumphezulu oshushu.
Umonakalo wefoto
Njengokukhanya kwelanga, kodwa okubangelwa kukuvezwa kumaza akhe okukhanya.
Nangona ukulimala kolusu kuhlala kungabi lula ukulimaza kwamehlo, kusafuneka ukusebenzisa impahla yokukhusela kunye nezihlangu ukunciphisa umngcipheko.
Ingozi yomlilo: Ngaba abangeni banokulifaka njani izixhobo
I-Lasers-ngakumbi iklasi enamandla aphezulu emi-4 - i-lars-ibeka umngcipheko womlilo.
Imiqadi yabo, kunye nalo naluphi na ukukhanya okubonakalisiweyo (nokuba zisasazeke okanye zisasazekile), zinokuyifaka izixhobo ezinokutsha kwindawo engqongileyo.
Ukuthintela imililo, i-4isers 4 i-4 kufuneka ifakwe ngokufanelekileyo ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye iindlela zabo zokubonisa ziyaqwalaselwa ziqwalaselwe ngononophelo.
Oku kubandakanya i-accounting kuzo zombini ezi nkcaso ngokuthe ngqo kunye nokuzilinganisa, ezinokuphatha amandla aneleyo okuqalisa umlilo ukuba indalo ilawulwa ngononophelo.
Yintoni i-1 ye-Laser Imveliso
Ukuqonda iilebheli zokhuseleko: Zithetha ntoni ngokwenene?
Iimveliso ze-laser kuyo yonke indawo iphawulwe ngeelebheli zesilumkiso, kodwa ukhe uzibuze ukuba zithetha ntoni ezi labils?
Ngokukodwa, ilebheli 1 yeklasi ye-1 ibonisa ntoni, kwaye ngubani ogqiba kweziphi iilebheli? Masiyiphule phantsi.
Yintoni iklasi ye-1 iphere?
Iklasi ye-1 lase-laser luhlobo lwe-laser ehlangabezana nemigangatho yokhuseleko engqongqo elungiselelwe iKhomishini ye-Eleenterchnical yehlabathi (IEC).
Le migangatho iqinisekise ukuba i-Cardm 1 Labers ikhuselekile ekusetyenzisweni kwaye ayifuni naliphi na amanyathelo okhuseleko, njengolawulo olukhethekileyo okanye izixhobo zokhuselo.
Yintoni i-1 ye-Laser ye-Laser?
Iklasi ye-Laser 1 yeLaser, kwelinye icala, inokuqulatha i-lasers enamachaphaza aphezulu (njenge-3 okanye i-4 iiLayiseli ezi-4), kodwa zifakwe ngokukhuselekileyo kwimingcipheko.
Ezi mveliso zenzelwe ukugcina umngxunya we-laser equlathwe, ukuthintela ukuvezwa nangona iLaser ngaphakathi inokuba namandla ngakumbi.
Yintoni umahluko?
Nangona bobabini beklasini enye kunye neemveliso ezi-1 ze-Laser bakhuselekile, azifani.
Iklasi 1 I-Lasers ziindlela ezinqongopheli eziphantsi zenzelwe ukukhusela ukusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokhuselo olongezelelweyo.
Umzekelo, unokukhangela ngokukhuselekileyo kwiklasi ye-1 lase-Laser Beam ngaphandle kweliso elikhuselayo kuba linamandla kwaye likhuselekile.
Kodwa imveliso ye-1 lase-Laser inokubangela i-laser enamandla ngaphakathi, kwaye ngelixa ikhuselekile ukuba isebenzise (kuba ifakwe apha), ukuvezwa ngokuthe ngqo kusenokubeka emngciphekweni.
Imveliso ye-laser ilawulwa njani?
Iimveliso ze-laser zilawulwa kwihlabathi liphela yi-IEC, ebonelela ngesikhokelo kwi-laser yokhuseleko.
Iingcali ezivela kumazwe angama-88 Anegalelo kule migangatho, i-grougried phantsiI-IEC 60825-1.
Esi sikhokelo siqinisekisa ukuba iimveliso ze-laser zikhuselekile ukuba zisetyenziswe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo.
Nangona kunjalo, i-IEC ayisebenzi ngqo le migangatho.
Kuxhomekeka ekubeni ukhona, abasemagunyeni bendawo baya kuba noxanduva lokunyanzelisa imithetho yokhuseleko lomsebenzi.
Ukulungelelanisa izikhokelo ze-IEC ukuze zihambelane neemfuno ezithile (ezinje ngozo kwezonyango okanye zeshishini).
Ngelixa ilizwe ngalinye linokuba nemigaqo emincinci kancinane, iimveliso ze-laser ezidibana nemigangatho ye-IEC yamkela kwihlabathi jikelele.
Ngamanye amagama, ukuba iMveliso ihlangana nemigangatho ye-IEC, ihlala ihambelana nemigaqo yendawo, esenza ikhuseleke ukuze isebenzise imida yonke.
Kuthekani ukuba imveliso ye-laser ayikho 1?
Ngokufanelekileyo, zonke iinkqubo ze-laser ziya kuba zeklasi 1 Ukuphelisa umngcipheko onokubakho, kodwa eneneni, uninzi lwazo alunadidi 1.
Iinkqubo ezininzi ze-laser mveliso, ezinjengezo zisetyenziselwa ukumakishwa kweLarser, i-Laser Welling, ukucocwa kwe-laser, kunye ne-laser mthethweni, ziklasini ezi-4 zokuhamba.
Iklasi 4 Labers:Iindlela eziphezulu zokunqongophala kwamandla ezinokuba yingozi ukuba azilawulwa ngononophelo.
Ngelixa ezinye ii-lars zisetyenziswa kwiindawo ezilawulwayo (njengamagumbi azodwa apho abasebenzi banxiba igiya ekhuselekileyo).
Abavelisi kunye nabavangeli bahlala bethatha amanyathelo ongezelelweyo okwenza i-4 iiLars zikhuseleke.
Benza oku ngokufakelwa kweenkqubo ze-laser, eziguqulayo ezizeleyo kwi-1 yeemveliso ze-laser, ukuqinisekisa ukuba zikhuselekile.
Ngaba ufuna ukwazi ukuba yeyiphi na imeko kuwe?
Izixhobo zoncedo kunye nolwazi malunga nokhuseleko lwe-laser
Ukuqonda ukhuseleko lwe-laser: imigangatho, imigaqo kunye nezixhobo
Ukhuseleko lwe-laser kubalulekile ekuthinteleni iingozi kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuphatha ngokufanelekileyo kweenkqubo ze-laser.
Imigangatho yeShishini, imigaqo-nkqubo kaRhulumente, kunye nezixhobo ezongezelelweyo zibonelela ngesikhokelo esincedayo ukugcina imisebenzi ikhuselekile kuye wonke umntu obandakanyekayo.
Nantsi iqhekeza elenziwe lula izibonelelo eziphambili zokukukhokela ekuqondeni kwakho ukhuseleko.
Imigangatho ephambili yokhuseleko lwe-laser
Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokufumana ukuqonda okubanzi kokhuseleko lwe-laser kukuqhelana nemigangatho emiselweyo.
La maxwebhu sisiphumo sokusebenzisana phakathi kweengcali zeshishini kwaye unike izikhokelo ezithembekileyo malunga nendlela yokusebenzisa ii-seears ngokukhuselekileyo.
Lo mgangatho, wamkelwe liZiko lemiGangatho yesizwe leSizwe (i-ANSI), epapashwe li-laser Institute of America (Lia).
Yenye yezona zixhobo zibaluleke kakhulu kuye nabani na osebenzisa i-lars, enika imithetho ecacileyo kunye neengcebiso kwizenzo ze-laser ekhuselekileyo.
Ibandakanya ukwahlukana, iiprothokholi zokhuseleko, nangaphezulu.
Lo mgangatho, ukwamkelwe nge-ANI, kulungiselelwe ngokuthe ngqo kwicandelo lezemveliso.
Inika izikhokelo zoKhuseleko oluneenkcukacha zoKhuseleko lwe-Laser kwizindlu zezommishino, ukuqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzi kunye nezixhobo bakhuselekile kwiingozi ezinxulumene ne-lares.
Lo mgangatho, ukwamkelwe nge-ANI, kulungiselelwe ngokuthe ngqo kwicandelo lezemveliso.
Inika izikhokelo zoKhuseleko oluneenkcukacha zoKhuseleko lwe-Laser kwizindlu zezommishino, ukuqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzi kunye nezixhobo bakhuselekile kwiingozi ezinxulumene ne-lares.
Imigaqo kaRhulumente kwi-Laser Er
Kumazwe amaninzi, abaqeshi banoxanduva ngokusemthethweni lokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi babo xa besebenza nee-lars.
Nantsi isishwankathelo semigaqo efanelekileyo kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo:
Amazwe Amanyene:
Isihloko se-FDA 21, Icandelo le-1040 limisela imigangatho yokusebenza yeemveliso zokukhupha ukukhanya, kubandakanya ii-ittlers.
Lo mmiselo ulawula iimfuno zokhuseleko kwiimveliso ze-laser ezithengisiweyo kwaye isetyenziswe e-US
Khanada:
Ikhowudi ye-Canada ye-Canada kunyeImigaqo yezeMpilo noKhuseleko emsebenzini (SOR / 86-304)Cwangcisa izikhokelo zezokhuseleko ezikhethekileyo.
Ukongeza, umThetho weMithombo yeMida kunye noMthetho we-Nurglear Service Act Home Raceration Raceation kunye neMpilo yezeNdalo.
IYurophu:
EYurophu, iIsikhokelo se-89/391 / i-EECigxile ekukhuseleni emsebenzini kunye nezempilo, ukubonelela ngenkqubo-sikhokelo ebanzi yokhuseleko emsebenzini.
IIsikhokelo semitha yokukhanyaEyona nto ijolise ngqo kwi-laser yokhuseleko, elawula imiqobo yokubonisa kunye namanyathelo okhuseleko kwimitha yokukhanya.
I-Post Time: Dec-20 ukuya ku-2024