Lokhu konke okudingeka ukwazi ngokuphepha kwe-laser
Ukuphepha kwe-laser kuncike ekilasini le-laser osebenza nakho.
Inombolo yekilasi ephakeme, izinyathelo zokuphepha ngokwengeziwe okudingeka uzithathe.
Njalo unaka izexwayiso futhi usebenzise imishini yokuvikela efanele lapho kudingeka.
Ukuqonda ukuhlukaniswa kwe-laser kusiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi uhlala uphephile ngenkathi usebenza ngama-lasers noma azungeze ama-lasers.
Ama-lasers ahlukaniswe emakilasini ahlukene asuselwa kumazinga abo okuphepha.
Nakhu ukuwohloka okuqondile kwekilasi ngalinye nalokho okudingeka ukwazi ngabo.
Yini amakilasi we-laser: achazwa
Qonda amakilasi we-laser = ukwanda kokuphepha kokuphepha
I-Class 1 lasers
Ama-lasers angu-1 anguhlobo oluphephe kakhulu.
Akunangozi emehlweni ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa okujwayelekile, noma ngabe kubukwa isikhathi eside noma ngezinsimbi zokukhanya.
Lawa ama-lasers ajwayele ukuba namandla aphansi kakhulu, imvamisa ama-microwatts ambalwa nje.
Kwezinye izimo, ama-lasers anamandla amakhulu (njenge-Class 3 noma i-Class 4) afakwe ku-Class 1.
Isibonelo, amaphrinta we-laser asebenzisa ama-laser anikwe amandla, kepha njengoba afakiwe, abhekwa njengezigaba 1 ama-lasers.
Awudingi ukukhathazeka ngokuphepha ngaphandle kokuthi imishini ilimele.
Ama-lasers 1m ama-lasers
Ama-Lasers we-Class 1m afana neklasi 1 laseSers ngoba ngokuvamile aphephile ngamehlo ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile.
Kodwa-ke, uma ukhulisa ugongolo usebenzisa amathuluzi we-optical like binoculars, kungaba yingozi.
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ugongolo olukhulisiwe lungadlula amazinga wamandla aphephile, noma kungenangozi ngamehlo.
I-Laser Diodes, Izinhlelo Zokuxhumana Nge-Fiber Optic, kanye neziteleka zejubane le-laser ziwela esigabeni se-1m.
Ama-lasers 2 ama-lasers
Ama-Class 2 ama-lasers aphephile kakhulu ngenxa yemvelo ye-blink reflex.
Uma ubheka ugongolo, amehlo akho azoqhakaza ngokuzenzakalelayo, akhawulele ukuvezwa kwemizuzwana engaphansi kwe-0,25 - lokhu kuvame ngokwanele ukuvikela ukulimala.
Lawa ma-lasers abeka engcupheni uma ubheka ngamabomu egongolo.
Ama-lasers 2 ama-lasers kumele akhiphe ukukhanya okubonakalayo, ngoba i-blink reflex isebenza kuphela lapho ubona ukukhanya.
Lawa ma-lasers avame ukukhawulelwa kuma-milliwatt ayi-1 (MW) wamandla aqhubekayo, yize kwezinye izimo, umkhawulo ungaba ngaphezulu.
Ama-lasers 2m ama-lasers
Ama-lasers 2m ama-lasers afana nekilasi 2, kepha kunomehluko osemqoka:
Uma ubheka ugongolo ngamathuluzi okukhulisa (njenge-telescope), i-blink reflex ngeke ivikele amehlo akho.
Ngisho nokuchayeka kamfushane ugongolo olukhulisiwe lungadala ukulimala.
Ama-lasers we-Class 3r
Ama-Lasers we-Class 3r, njengezikhombisi ze-laser kanye nezikena ezithile ze-laser, zinamandla amakhulu kunekilasi 2 kepha ziphephile uma ziphephile uma zisingathwa kahle.
Ngokuqondile ubheka ugongolo, ikakhulukazi ngokusebenzisa izinsimbi zokubona, kungadala ukulimala kwamehlo.
Kodwa-ke, ukuvezwa kafushane kuvame ukungabi yingozi.
Ama-lasers we-Class 3r kufanele aphathe amalebula acacile okuxwayisa, ngoba angabeka ubungozi uma kusetshenziswe kabi.
Ezinhlelweni ezindala, ikilasi 3R lalibizwa ngokuthi ikilasi i-IIIA.
Ama-lasers we-Class 3B
Ama-Lasers we-Class 3b ayingozi kakhulu futhi kufanele aphathwe ngokuqapha.
Ukuchayeka ngqo ku-beam noma ama-morror-like Reflections kungadala ukulimala kwamehlo noma isikhumba sivutha.
Kusakazeke kuphela, ukukhombisa okuhlukile kuphephile.
Isibonelo, ama-Laser aqhubekayo we-3B Lasers akufanele angeqi ama-watts angama-0,5 ama-wavelength aphakathi kwama-315 nm futhi infrared, ngenkathi ama-lasers afakwe kububanzi obubonakalayo (400-700 nm) akufanele adlule ama-millijoules angama-30.
Lawa ama-lasers ajwayele ukutholakala ku-Ezokuzijabulisa Ekhanyayo.
Ama-lasers 4 ama-lasers
Ama-Lasers ama-Class 4 anobungozi obukhulu.
Lawa ama-lasers anamandla ngokwanele ukubangela ukulimala okunzima nokulimala kwesikhumba, futhi angaqala ngisho nemililo.
Zisetshenziswa ezinhlalwane ezimbonini ezinjenge-laser ukusika, ukufudumeza nokuhlanza.
Uma useduze ne-Class 4 Laser ngaphandle kwezinyathelo ezifanele zokuphepha, usengozini enkulu.
Ngisho nokukhombisa okungaqondile kungadala ukulimala, nezinto zokwakha eziseduzane zingabamba umlilo.
Gqoka njalo amagiya okuvikela bese ulandela amaphrothokholi wokuphepha.
Ezinye izinhlelo ezinamandla amakhulu, njengemishini yokumaka ye-laser ezenzakalelayo, angama-class 4 lasers, kepha angavalelwa ngokuphephile ukunciphisa ubungozi.
Isibonelo, imishini kaLaserax isebenzisa ama-lasers anamandla, kepha zenzelwe ukuhlangabezana namazinga okuphepha okuphepha lapho kufakwe ngokuphelele.
Izingozi ezahlukene ze-laser
Ukuqonda izingozi ze-laser: iso, isikhumba kanye nengozi yomlilo
Ama-Lasers angaba yingozi uma engaphathwa kahle, ngezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zezingozi: ukulimala kwamehlo, ukushiswa kwesikhumba, kanye nobungozi bomlilo.
Uma uhlelo lwe-laser lungahlukaniswa njengekilasi 1 (isigaba esiphephe kunazo zonke), izisebenzi ezisendaweni kufanele zihlale zigqoka imishini yokuvikela, efana nama-goggles okuphepha ngamehlo awo.
Ukulimala Kwamehlo: Ingozi Ebaluleke Kakhulu
Ukulimala kwamehlo kusuka e-lasers kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu ngoba kungadala ukulimala okungapheli noma ubumpumputhe.
Nakhu ukuthi lokhu kulimala kwenzeka nokuthi ungabavimbela kanjani.
Lapho ukukhanya kwe-laser kungena iso, i-cornea nelens kusebenza ngokubambisana ukugxila ku-retina (emuva kweso).
Lokhu kukhanya okuhlanganisiwe bese kucutshungulwa yingqondo ukudala izithombe.
Kodwa-ke, lezi zingxenye zamehlo - i-cornea, lens, kanye ne-retina-zisengozini enkulu yokulimala kwe-laser.
Noma yiluphi uhlobo lwe-laser lungalimaza amehlo, kepha amanye ama-wavelength okukhanya abe yingozi ikakhulukazi.
Isibonelo, imishini eminingi eqoshwe ama-laser ikhipha ukukhanya ku-inf-infrared (700-2000 nm) noma amabanga akude (4000-11,000 + nm), angabonakali esweni lomuntu.
Ukukhanya okubonakalayo kuthathwa ngokwengxenye yi-Eye Porface ngaphambi kokuthi igxile kwi-retina, esiza ukunciphisa umthelela wayo.
Kodwa-ke, ukukhanya okukhanyisiwe kwedlula lokhu kuvikelwa ngoba akubonakali, okusho ukuthi ifinyelela i-retina ngokuqina okugcwele, okwenza kube yingozi ngokwengeziwe.
Lo mandla ngokweqile angashisa i-retina, eholela ekuboniseni ukungaboni noma ukulimala okukhulu.
Ama-Lasers anama-wavelengs angaphansi kwama-400 nm (ebangeni le-ultraviolet) futhi angadala ukulimala kwe-photochemical, njengama-cataracts, okuwumbono wamafu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ukuvikelwa okungcono kakhulu ekulimaleni kwamehlo kwe-laser kugqokwa ama-goggles afanele ezokuphepha ama-laser.
Lawa ma-goggles aklanyelwe ukudonsa ama-wavelength akhanyayo ayingozi.
Isibonelo, uma usebenza nge-Laserax Fiber Laser System, uzodinga ama-goggles avikela ngokukhanya kwe-1064 NM waveghth.
Izingozi zesikhumba: Ukushiswa kanye nomonakalo we-Photochemical
Ngenkathi ukulimala kwesikhumba kusuka e-lasers ngokuvamile akunzima kakhulu kunokulimala kwamehlo, basadinga ukunakwa.
Ukuxhumana ngqo nogongolo lwe-laser noma ukuboniswa okunjenge-Mirror-efana kungashisa isikhumba, njengokuthinta isitofu esishisayo.
Ubulukhuni bokuvutha buxhomeke emandleni ka-laser, wavelength, isikhathi sokuvezwa, nosayizi wendawo ethintekile.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziphambili zokulimala kwesikhumba kusuka e-lasers:
Ukulimala okushisayo
Kufana nokushiswa kusuka endaweni eshisayo.
Umonakalo we-Photochemical
Njengokushiswa yilanga, kepha okubangelwa ukuvezwa kwamandla athile okukhanya.
Yize ukulimala kwesikhumba kuvame ukungaphatheki okuncane kunokulimala kwamehlo, kusemqoka ukusebenzisa izingubo zokuvikela kanye nezihlangu ukunciphisa ubungozi.
Izingozi zomlilo: Ama-Lasers angakhazelela kanjani izinto zokwakha
Ama-lasers-ikakhulukazi ama-Class anikwe amandla ama-4 ama-lasers anamandla amakhulu-abeka ubungozi bomlilo.
Imishayo yabo, kanye nanoma yikuphi ukukhanya okubonisiwe (ngisho nokucacisa noma ukukhombisa okusakazwayo), kungakhalisa izinto ezivuthayo endaweni ezungezile.
Ukuvimbela imililo, ama-lasers 4 ama-lasers kumele afakwe kahle, futhi izindlela zazo zokubonisa kufanele zibhekwe ngokucophelela.
Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukubhala ngokuqondile kokukhombisa okuqondile nokuphazamisayo, okusakwazi ukuphatha amandla anele okuqala umlilo uma imvelo ilawulwa ngokucophelela.
Uyini umkhiqizo we-class 1 we-laser
Ukuqonda Amalebula Wokuphepha Kwaser: Kusho ukuthini ngempela?
Imikhiqizo yeLaser yonke indawo imakwe ngamalebula okuxwayisa, kepha wake wazibuza ukuthi la malebula asho ukuthini ngempela?
Ngokuqondile, ilebula elithi "Class 1" lisho ukuthini, futhi ubani onquma ukuthi yimaphi amalebula aqhubeka nemikhiqizo ethile? Asiphule.
Yini ikilasi le-1 laser?
I-Laser yeklasi 1 uhlobo lwe-laser elihlangabezana namazinga okuphepha aqinile asethwe yi-International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC).
Lezi zindinganiso ziqinisekisa ukuthi ama-lasers 1 ama-lasers aphephile ngokwemvelo ukuze asetshenziswe futhi awadingi noma yiziphi izindlela ezikhethekile zokuphepha, njengokulawulwa okukhethekile noma imishini yokuvikela.
Iyini imikhiqizo ye-laser e-Class 1?
Imikhiqizo engu-1 ye-Laser, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ingaqukatha ama-lasers anikwe amandla (njengama-class 3 noma ama-class 4 ama-lasers), kepha afakwe ngokuphepha ukunciphisa ubungozi.
Le mikhiqizo yenzelwe ukugcina ugongolo lwe-laser olukhona, ukuvimbela ukubonakaliswa yize i-laser ngaphakathi ingaba namandla amakhulu.
Uyini umehluko?
Noma zombili ama-lasers 1 ama-lasers kanye nemikhiqizo engu-1 ye-laser ephephile, azifani ngqo.
Ama-lasers 1 ama-lasers anama-lasers aphansi aklanyelwe ukuphepha ngaphansi kokusetshenziswa okujwayelekile, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuvikelwa okwengeziwe.
Isibonelo, ungabheka ngokuphepha ekilasini 1 laser ugongolo ngaphandle kwe-eyewear evikelayo ngoba linamandla aphansi futhi liphephile.
Kepha umkhiqizo we-laser 1 weklasi 1 ungaba ne-laser enamandla ngokwengeziwe, futhi ngenkathi kuphephile ukusebenzisa (ngoba kufakwe ngaphakathi), ukuvezwa okuqondile kusengokonakala.
Imikhiqizo ye-laser ilawulwa kanjani?
Imikhiqizo ye-Laser ilawulwa emhlabeni jikelele yi-IEC, enikeza imihlahlandlela ekuphepha kwe-laser.
Ochwepheshe abavela emazweni azungeze ama-88 banikela kulezi zindinganiso, bahlelwe ngaphansiI-IEC 60825-1.
Le mihlahlandlela iqinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo ye-laser iphephile ukuyisebenzisa ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene.
Kodwa-ke, i-IEC ayisebenzisi amazinga ngqo.
Kuya ngokuthi ukuphi, abaphathi bendawo bazoba nesibopho sokuphoqelela imithetho yezokuphepha ye-laser.
Ukuvumelanisa imihlahlandlela ye-IEC ukuze ivumelane nezidingo ezithile (njengalezo ezisezilungiselelweni zezokwelapha noma zezimboni).
Ngenkathi izwe ngalinye lingaba nemithetho ehlukene kancane, imikhiqizo ye-laser ehlangabezana namazinga we-IEC ngokuvamile amukelwa emhlabeni jikelele.
Ngamanye amagama, uma umkhiqizo uhlangabezana namazinga we-IEC, imvamisa futhi uhambisana nemigomo yendawo, okwenza kuphephe ukukusebenzisa kuyo yonke imingcele.
Kuthiwani uma umkhiqizo we-laser ungekho isigaba 1?
Ngokufanelekile, zonke izinhlelo ze-laser zizoba isigaba 1 ukuqeda ubungozi obungahle kube khona, kepha empeleni, iningi lama-lasers alilona isigaba 1.
Izinhlelo eziningi ze-laser zezimboni, ezinjengalezo ezisetshenziselwa ukumaka ama-laser, i-laser welding, ukuhlanza i-laser, kanye nokubhalwa kwe-laser, ama-class 4 lasers.
I-Class 4 Lasers:Ama-lasers anamandla amakhulu angaba yingozi uma engalawulwa ngokucophelela.
Ngenkathi ezinye zalezi ama-lasers zisetshenziswa ezindaweni ezilawulwayo (njengamakamelo akhethekile lapho abasebenzi begqoka khona amagiya okuphepha).
Abakhiqizi nabazivali bavame ukuthatha izinyathelo ezengeziwe zokwenza ama-Class 4 Lasers aphephe.
Benza lokhu ngokufaka amasistimu we-laser, empeleni abawaguqula abe yimikhiqizo ye-laser 1 ye-laser, eqinisekisa ukuthi baphephile ukuyisebenzisa.
Ufuna ukwazi ukuthi yimiphi imithethonqubo esebenza kuwe?
Izinsizakusebenza kanye nolwazi ngokuphepha kwe-laser
Ukuqonda i-laser ukuphepha: amazinga, imithethonqubo, kanye nezinsizakusebenza
Ukuphepha kwe-laser kubalulekile ekuvikeleni izingozi nokuqinisekisa ukuphathwa okufanele kwezinhlelo ze-laser.
Amazinga Wezimboni, Imithetho kaHulumeni, kanye nezinsizakusebenza ezingeziwe zinikeza imihlahlandlela esiza ukugcina imisebenzi ye-laser iphephile kuwo wonke umuntu othintekayo.
Nakhu okwenziwe lula kwezinsizakusebenza ezibalulekile ukukuqondisa ekuqondeni ukuphepha kwe-laser.
Amazinga asemqoka wokuphepha kwe-laser
Indlela engcono yokuthola ukuqonda okuphelele kokuphepha kwe-laser ukujwayela ngokwakho ngamazinga asunguliwe.
Le mibhalo ingumphumela wokubambisana phakathi kochwepheshe bezimboni futhi banikeze imihlahlandlela ethembekile yokuthi ungazisebenzisa kanjani ama-lasers ngokuphepha.
Leli Zinga, elivunyelwe yi-American National Standards Institute (ANSI), lishicilelwa yi-Laser Institute of America (Lia).
Ungomunye wemithombo ebaluleke kakhulu kunoma ngubani osebenzisa ama-lasers, ukuhlinzeka ngemithetho ecacile nezincomo zemikhuba ephephile ye-laser.
Ihlanganisa ukuhlukaniswa kwe-laser, amaphrothokholi okuphepha, nokuningi.
Leli Zinga, livunyiwe futhi, lihlelwe ngokuqondile emkhakheni wezokukhiqiza.
Inikeza imihlahlandlela yokuphepha eningiliziwe yokusetshenziswa kwe-laser ezindaweni zezimboni, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abasebenzi kanye nemishini ivikelekile ezingozini ezihlobene ne-laser.
Leli Zinga, livunyiwe futhi, lihlelwe ngokuqondile emkhakheni wezokukhiqiza.
Inikeza imihlahlandlela yokuphepha eningiliziwe yokusetshenziswa kwe-laser ezindaweni zezimboni, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abasebenzi kanye nemishini ivikelekile ezingozini ezihlobene ne-laser.
Imithetho kaHulumeni ngokuphepha kwe-laser
Emazweni amaningi, abaqashi babhekene nomthetho ngokusemthethweni ngokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwabasebenzi babo lapho besebenza nama-lasers.
Nakhu ukubuka konke kwemithetho efanelekile ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene:
I-united states:
Isihloko se-FDA 21, ingxenye 1040 isungula amazinga okusebenza emikhiqizweni ephuma ukukhanya, kufaka phakathi ama-lasers.
Lo mthethonqubo ubusa izidingo zokuphepha zemikhiqizo ye-laser ethengisiwe futhi isetshenziswe e-US
ECanada:
Ikhodi yezabasebenzi yaseCanada kanyeImithethonqubo Yezempilo Nezokuphepha (Sor / 86-304)Beka imihlahlandlela ethile yokuphepha emsebenzini.
Ngokwengeziwe, Umthetho we-Radiation Emt Watch Detact Act kanye nekheli lezokuphepha yenuzi kanye ne-Act Act Act laser radiation kanye nempilo yezemvelo.
Europe:
EYurophu,Khomba 89/391 / EECIgxile ekuphepheni kwezomsebenzi kanye nezempilo, enikeza uhlaka olubanzi lokuphepha emsebenzini.
Le khasiI-Artificial Aptical Radiation Directive (2006/25 / EC)Ngokuqondile kuhlose ukuphepha kwe-laser, okulawula imikhawulo yokuvezwa kanye nezindlela zokuphepha zemisebe ye-optical.
Isikhathi sePosi: Dec-20-2024