Inqubo ye-laser welding eyisisekelo ihlanganisa ukugxilisa i-laser beam endaweni ehlangene phakathi kwezinto ezimbili kusetshenziswa isistimu yokulethwa kwe-optical. Lapho ugongolo luthinta izinto zokwakha, ludlulisela amandla alo, lushise ngokushesha futhi luncibilikise indawo encane.
Uhlu Lokuqukethwe
1. Uyini umshini wokushisela i-Laser?
Umshini wokushisela i-laser iyithuluzi lezimboni elisebenzisa i-laser beam njengomthombo wokushisa ogxilile ukuze uhlanganise izinto eziningi ndawonye.
Ezinye izici ezibalulekile zemishini yokushisela i-laser zifaka:
1. Umthombo we-Laser:Iningi lamashisela esimanje lisebenzisa i-solid state laser diode akhiqiza i-laser enamandla amakhulu ku-spectrum ye-infrared. Imithombo ye-laser evamile ihlanganisa i-CO2, i-fiber, nama-laser diode.
2. Amehlo:I-laser beam ihamba ochungechungeni lwezingxenye ze-optical ezifana nezibuko, amalensi, nama-nozzles agxila futhi aqondise i-beam endaweni yokushisela ngokunemba. Izingalo ze-telescoping noma ama-gantries abeka ugongolo.
3. Okuzenzakalelayo:Ama-laser welder amaningi afaka ukulawulwa kwezinombolo zekhompiyutha (CNC) kanye namarobhothi ukuze azenze kube ngokuzenzakalela amaphethini nezinqubo zokushisela. Izindlela ezihlelekayo nezinzwa zempendulo ziqinisekisa ukunemba.
4. Ukuqapha Inqubo:Amakhamera ahlanganisiwe, ama-spectrometer, nezinye izinzwa ziqapha inqubo yokushisela ngesikhathi sangempela. Noma yiziphi izinkinga ezihambisana nokuqondisa kohlaka, ukungena, noma ikhwalithi zingatholwa ngokushesha futhi zixazululwe.
5. I-Safety Interlocks:Izindlu ezivikelayo, iminyango, nezinkinobho ze-e-stop zivikela opharetha ensikeni ye-laser enamandla amakhulu. I-Interlocks ivala i-laser uma izivumelwano zokuphepha zephulwa.
Ngakho-ke kafushane, umshini wokushisela i-laser iyithuluzi elilawulwa ngekhompuyutha, elinembayo lasezimbonini elisebenzisa i-laser egxilile yezinhlelo zokushisela ezizenzakalelayo, eziphindaphindwayo.
2. Isebenza kanjani i-Laser Welding?
Ezinye izigaba ezibalulekile kunqubo ye-laser welding zifaka:
1. I-Laser Beam Generation:I-solid-state laser diode noma omunye umthombo ukhiqiza i-infrared beam.
2. Ukulethwa kwe-Beam: Izibuko, amalensi, kanye nombhobho kugxilisa ugongolo endaweni eqinile endaweni yokusebenza.
3. Ukushisisa Okubalulekile:I-beam ishisa ngokushesha izinto, ngokuminyana kusondela ku-106 W/cm2.
4. Ukuncibilika nokuhlanganisa:Ichibi elincane elincibilikayo lakha lapho izinto zihlangana khona. Njengoba i-pool iqina, i-weld joint yenziwa.
5. Ukupholisa nokuhlanganisa kabusha: Indawo yokushisela iphola ngezinga eliphezulu ngaphezu kuka-104°C/ngesekhondi, idala i-microstructure eqinile, eqinile.
6. Ukuqhubeka:I-beam ihamba noma izingxenye zibekwe kabusha futhi inqubo iphinda ukuze kuqedelwe i-weld seam. Igesi yokuvikela engangeni nayo ingasetshenziswa.
Ngakho-ke kafushane, i-laser welding isebenzisa i-laser beam egxile kakhulu kanye nokuhamba ngebhayisikili okushisayo okulawulwayo ukuze kukhiqizwe amashisela wendawo athinteke kakhulu ekushiseni okuphezulu.
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3. Ingabe i-Laser Welding ingcono kune-MIG?
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinqubo zokushisela ze-metal inert gas (MIG) yendabuko...
I-laser welding inikeza izinzuzo eziningi:
1. Ukunemba: Imishayo ye-laser ingagxilwa endaweni encane engu-0.1-1mm, ivumele ukushisela okunembe kakhulu, okuphindaphindwayo. Lokhu kulungele izingxenye ezincane, ezibekezelela kakhulu.
2. Isivinini:Izilinganiso zokushisela i-laser zishesha kakhulu kune-MIG, ikakhulukazi kumageji amancane. Lokhu kuthuthukisa ukukhiqiza futhi kunciphisa izikhathi zomjikelezo.
3. Ikhwalithi:Umthombo wokushisa ogxilile ukhiqiza ukuhlanekezela okuncane kanye nezindawo ezincane ezithinteke ukushisa. Lokhu kubangela ukushisela okuqinile, kwekhwalithi ephezulu.
4. Okuzenzakalelayo:I-laser welding izenzakalela kalula kusetshenziswa amarobhothi kanye ne-CNC. Lokhu kunika amandla amaphethini ayinkimbinkimbi kanye nokuvumelana okuthuthukisiwe uma kuqhathaniswa ne-MIG yokushisela.
5. Izinto:Ama-Lasers angajoyina inhlanganisela yezinto eziningi, okuhlanganisa izinto eziningi kanye nokushisela kwensimbi okungafani.
Kodwa-ke, i-MIG welding inakhoezinye izinzuzophezu kwe-laser kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza:
1. Izindleko:Imishini ye-MIG inezindleko zokutshala eziphansi zokuqala kunezinhlelo ze-laser.
2. Izinto eziwugqinsi:I-MIG ifaneleka kangcono ukushisela izingxenye zensimbi ezijiyile ngaphezu kuka-3mm, lapho ukumuncwa kwe-laser kungaba yinkinga.
3. Ukuvikela igesi:I-MIG isebenzisa isivikelo segesi engasebenzi ukuze ivikele indawo yokushisela, kuyilapho i-laser ivamise ukusebenzisa indlela yohlaka evalekile.
Ngakho-ke, ngamafuphi, i-laser welding ngokuvamile ikhethwaukunemba, i-automation, kanye nekhwalithi yokushisela.
Kodwa i-MIG isalokhu iqhudelana ngokukhiqizwa kweamageji aminyene kubhajethi.
Inqubo efanele incike ekusetshenzisweni kwe-welding ethize kanye nezidingo zengxenye.
4. Ingabe i-Laser Welding Ingcono kune-TIG Welding?
I-Tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding iyinqubo ebhalwe ngesandla, enekhono lobuciko engaveza imiphumela emihle kakhulu ezintweni ezincane.
Kodwa-ke, i-laser welding inezinzuzo ezithile kune-TIG:
1. Isivinini:I-Laser welding ishesha kakhulu kune-TIG yezinhlelo zokusebenza zokukhiqiza ngenxa yokunemba kwayo okuzenzakalelayo. Lokhu kuthuthukisa ukusebenza.
2. Ukunemba:I-laser beam egxilile ivumela ukunemba kokubeka endaweni phakathi kwekhulu lemilimitha. Lokhu akukwazi ukufaniswa isandla somuntu esine-TIG.
3. Ukulawula:Izinqubo eziguquguqukayo ezifana nokufaka ukushisa kanye nejometri ye-weld kulawulwa ngokuqinile nge-laser, okuqinisekisa inqwaba yemiphumela engashintshi phezu kwenqwaba.
4. Izinto:I-TIG ingcono kakhulu ezintweni ezisetshenziswayo ezithambile, kuyilapho ukushiswa kwe-laser kuvula inhlanganisela ebanzi yezinto eziningi.
5. Okuzenzakalelayo: Amasistimu we-laser yerobhothi anika amandla ukushisela okuzenzakalelayo ngaphandle kokukhathala, kuyilapho i-TIG ngokuvamile idinga ukunakwa okugcwele komsebenzisi kanye nobuchwepheshe.
Kodwa-ke, i-TIG welding igcina inzuzoumsebenzi wokunemba wegeji elincane noma i-alloy weldinglapho okokufaka ukushisa kufanele kulungiswe ngokucophelela. Kulezi zinhlelo zokusebenza ukuthinta kukachwepheshe onekhono kubalulekile.
5. Kuyini Ububi of Laser Welding?
Njenganoma iyiphi inqubo yezimboni, ukushiswa kwe-laser kunokuthile okungenzeka kube phansi okufanele kucatshangelwe:
1. Izindleko: Yize zithengeka kakhulu, amasistimu e-laser anamandla amakhulu adinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela zokushisela.
2. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo:Imibhobho yegesi kanye nemishini yokubona izinto iyancipha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi kufanele ishintshwe, kwenezele ezindlekweni zobunikazi.
3. Ukuphepha:Izimiso eziyisisekelo eziqinile kanye nezindlu zokuphepha ezivaliwe ziyadingeka ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuchayeka ensikeni ye-laser enamandla kakhulu.
4. Ukuqeqeshwa:Ama-operators adinga ukuqeqeshwa ukuze asebenze ngokuphepha futhi agcine ngendlela efanele imishini yokushisela i-laser.
5. Umugqa wokubuka:I-laser beam ihamba ngemigqa eqondile, ngakho-ke amajiyometri ayinkimbinkimbi angase adinge imishayo eminingi noma ukubekwa kabusha kocezu lomsebenzi.
6. Ukumuncwa:Izinto ezithile ezifana nensimbi ewugqinsi noma i-aluminium kungase kube nzima ukushisela uma zingamunca kahle ubude begagasi be-laser obukhethekile.
Ngokuqaphela okufanele, ukuqeqeshwa, kanye nokwenza ngcono inqubo, nokho, i-laser welding iletha ukukhiqiza, ukunemba, kanye nezinzuzo zekhwalithi ezinhlelweni eziningi zezimboni.
6. Ingabe i-Laser Welding Idinga Igesi?
Ngokungafani nezinqubo zokushisela ezivikelwe ngegesi, i-laser welding ayidingi ukusetshenziswa kwegesi evikelayo engenzi lutho egeleza phezu kwendawo yokushisela. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi:
1. I-laser beam egxilile ihamba emoyeni ukuze yakhe iphuli yokushisela encane, enamandla amakhulu encibilika futhi ihlanganise izinto.
2. Umoya ozungezile awuyona i-ionized njenge-gas plasma arc futhi awuphazamisi uhlaka noma ukwakheka kwe-weld.
3. I-weld iqina ngokushesha kakhulu ekushiseni okugxilile kangangokuthi yakheka ngaphambi kokuba ama-oxide akheke phezulu.
Kodwa-ke, izinhlelo ezithile ezikhethekile zokushisela i-laser zingase zizuze ngokusebenzisa igesi yokusiza:
1. Ngezinsimbi ezisebenzayo njenge-aluminium, igesi ivikela i-hot weld pool emoyeni osemoyeni.
2. Emisebenzini ye-laser enamandla amakhulu, igesi iqinisa i-plasma plume eyakhayo phakathi nokushisela okujulile.
3. Amajethi egesi asusa intuthu nemfucumfucu ukuze kudluliselwe kangcono izingongolo ezindaweni ezingcolile noma ezipendiwe.
Ngakho-ke kafushane, nakuba kungadingeki ngempela, igesi ye-inert ingase inikeze izinzuzo zezicelo ezithile eziyinselele zokushisela noma izinto zokwakha. Kodwa inqubo ngokuvamile ingenza kahle ngaphandle kwayo.
▶ Yiziphi Izinto Okungenziwa Laser Welded?
Cishe zonke izinsimbi kungenziwa laser ashiselwe kuhlanganiseinsimbi, i-aluminium, i-titanium, ama-nickel alloys, nokunye.
Ngisho nezinhlanganisela zensimbi ezingafani zingenzeka. Isihluthulelo yibokufanele imunce kahle ubude begagasi be-laser.
▶ Ungashisela Izinto Eziwugqinsi Kangakanani?
Amashidi azacile njenge0.1mm futhi ugqinsi njengoba 25mmngokuvamile ingashiswa nge-laser, kuye ngohlelo oluthile namandla e-laser.
Izingxenye eziwugqinsi zingase zidinge i-welding ye-multi-pass noma i-optics ekhethekile.
▶ Ingabe I-Laser Welding Ifanele Ukukhiqizwa Kwevolumu Ephezulu?
Nakanjani. Amaseli we-robotic laser welding avame ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni zokukhiqiza ezinesivinini esikhulu, ezizenzakalelayo ezinhlelweni ezinjengokukhiqiza izimoto.
Amazinga okusebenzisa amamitha ambalwa ngomzuzu ayafinyeleleka.
▶ Yiziphi izimboni ezisebenzisa i-Laser Welding?
Izicelo ezijwayelekile ze-laser welding zingatholakala kuezezimoto, zikagesi, izisetshenziswa zezokwelapha, i-aerospace, ithuluzi/ukufa, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwengxenye encane enembayo.
Ubuchwepheshe bunjalongokuqhubekayo ukunwetshwa emikhakheni emisha.
▶ Ngikhetha kanjani isistimu yokushisela i-laser?
Izinto okufanele zicatshangelwe zifaka izinto zokusebenza, usayizi/ubukhulu, izidingo zokuphuma, isabelomali, kanye nekhwalithi yokushisela edingekayo.
Abahlinzeki abahloniphekile bangasiza ukucacisa uhlobo lwe-laser olulungile, amandla, okokubona, kanye ne-automation yohlelo lwakho lokusebenza oluthile.
▶ Yiziphi Izinhlobo Zokushisela Ezingenziwa?
Izindlela ezijwayelekile zokushisela i-laser zihlanganisa izinqe, i-lap, i-fillet, ukubhoboza, nama-cladding welds.
Ezinye izindlela ezintsha ezifana nokukhiqiza izithasiselo ze-laser nazo ziyavela ukuze zilungiswe kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-prototyping.
▶ Ingabe I-Laser Welding Iwufanele Umsebenzi Wokulungisa?
Yebo, i-laser welding ifaneleka kahle ukulungisa izinto ezinenani eliphezulu.
Okokufaka kokushisa okugxilile kunciphisa umonakalo owengeziwe ezintweni eziyisisekelo ngesikhathi sokulungiswa.
Ufuna Ukuqalisa Ngomshini Welder We-Laser?
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-12-2024